中国北方部分地区马铃薯渣和红薯渣的营养价值评定与比较分析

试验采用常规营养成分分析、碳水化合物组分和蛋白质组分分析、能量价值预测和体外人工瘤胃法对马铃薯渣和红薯渣的营养价值进行评定。试验所用的5种马铃薯渣采自承德、张家口、吉林、乌兰察布、西安的淀粉加工厂，7种红薯渣采自石家庄、保定、唐山、济南、秦皇岛的淀粉加工厂。结果显示：红薯渣中的粗脂肪（EE）含量（0.80%）显著高于马铃薯渣（0.58%）（P<0.05）；马铃薯渣的粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和木质素（ADL）含量（6.53%、26.03%、20.77%和4.38%）极显著高于红薯渣（4.57%、16.46%、12.66%和1.51%）（P<0.01）；马铃薯渣和红薯渣的淀粉含量均较高，分别达41.05%、41.71%（P>0.05）；马铃薯渣的不可利用中性洗涤纤维（CC）含量（9.76%）极显著高于红薯渣（3.67%）（P<0.01）；马铃薯渣和红薯渣的蛋白质组分中非蛋白氮（PA）含量最高，分别达到2.77%和2.41%（P>0.05）；马铃薯渣的中速降解真蛋白质（PB2）含量（1.39%）显著高于红薯渣（0.74%）（P<0.05）；马铃薯渣的慢速降解真蛋白质（PB3）和不可利用氮（PC）含量（0.56%和1.01%）极显著高于红薯渣（0.28%和0.47%）（P<0.01）；红薯渣总可消化养分（TDN）、消化能（DE）、代谢能（ME）、维持净能（NE_m）、泌乳净能（NE_L）和增重净能（NE_g）（81.58%、15.03、13.31、9.09、8.50和6.24 MJ/kg）极显著高于马铃薯渣（75.11%、13.82、12.10、8.08、7.66和5.40 MJ/kg）（P<0.01）；红薯渣24 h干物质消化率（DMD_{24 h}）和48 h干物质消化率（DMD_{48 h}）（53.78%和62.48%）极显著高于马铃薯渣（49.34%和58.66%）（P<0.01）。综上所述，马铃薯渣和红薯渣的营养价值均较高，具有成为肉牛饲料原料的潜力，且红薯渣优于马铃薯渣。

Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Potato Pulp and Sweet Potato Pulp in Part of Northern China

The methods of chemical composition analysis,carbohydrate fractions analysis,protein fractions analysis,energy value prediction and in vitro artificial rumen were used to evaluate the nutritional values of potato pulp and sweet potato pulp.5 potato pulp samples were collected from starch factories in Chengde,Zhangjiakou,Jilin,Ulanchabu and Xi’an.7 sweet potato pulp samples were collected from starch factories in Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Tangshan,Jinan and Qinhuangdao.The results showed that EE content(0.80%)of sweet potato pulp was significantly higher than that of potato pulp(0.58%)(P<0.05).The content of CP,NDF,ADF and ADL of potato pulp(6.53%,26.03%,20.77%and 4.38%)were extremely significantly higher than that of sweet potato pulp(4.57%,16.46%,12.66%and 1.51%)(P<0.01).The starch content of potato pulp and sweet potato pulp were both higher,which were 41.05%and 41.71%respectively(P>0.05).The CC content of potato pulp(9.76%)was extremely significantly higher than that of sweet potato pulp(3.67%)(P<0.01).The PA content of potato pulp and sweet potato pulp were the highest in protein fractions,which were 2.77%and 2.41%respectively(P>0.05).The content of PB2 of potato pulp(1.39%)was significantly higher than sweet potato pulp(0.74%)(P<0.05).The content of PB3 and PC of potato pulp(0.56%and 1.01%)were extremely significantly higher than that of sweet potato pulp(0.28%and 0.47%)(P<0.01).TDN,DE,ME,NEm,NEL and NEg of sweet potato pulp(81.58%,15.03,13.31,9.09,8.50 and 6.24 MJ/kg)were extremely significantly higher than potato pulp(75.11%,13.82,12.10,8.08,7.66 and 5.40 MJ/kg)(P<0.01).DMD24 h and DMD48 h of sweet potato pulp(53.78%and 62.48%)were extremely significantly higher than potato pulp(49.34%and 58.66%)(P<0.01).In conclusion,the nutritional values of potato pulp and sweet potato pulp were both higher,and had the potential to become a feed material for beef cattle,and sweet potato pulp was better than potato pulp.