两种无抗制剂对育肥猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响

本试验通过在生长育肥猪饲粮中添加两种不同的无抗制剂，探究其对育肥猪生长及肠道健康的影响。选取体重为（85.95±3.48） kg的LDY三元杂交猪60头，分为对照组、试验1、2组，每组5个重复，每个重复4头猪（阉公猪和母猪各半）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂，试验2组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的复方中药提取物。结果表明：①3组间生长性能各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比，试验1组空肠的绒毛高度（VH）、绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）以及回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05），试验2组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）；试验1组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比，试验1和2组盲肠菌群香浓指数均显著升高（P<0.05）、辛普森指数均显著降低（P<0.05）；试验1组的香浓指数显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。④在门水平上，与对照组相比，试验1组盲肠菌群变形菌门和放线菌门丰度均显著升高（P<0.05），厚壁菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）；试验2组厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高（P<0.05），拟杆菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）；试验1组放线菌门丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05），厚壁菌门丰度显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。在属水平上，与对照组相比，试验1组链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05），苏黎世杆菌属、uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae和乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）；试验2组瘤胃菌属和链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05），苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌属_13、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）；试验1组梭菌属_13和链球菌属丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05），试验1组uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae、瘤胃菌属显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。⑤试验1组Occludin、Zo-1、Claudin-1表达量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），Occludin、Claudin-1表达量显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明，红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂和复方中药提取物对育肥猪肠道健康均有改善作用，但红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂组饲喂效果优于复方中药提取物组。

The Influence of Two Different Kinds of Antibiotic-free Addictive on Growth and Intestinal Health of Growing Pigs

Two different kinds of antibiotic-free addictive were added to the growing pigs’diet to explore their effects on growth and intestinal health.Sixty LDY crossbred pigs at the weight of(85.95±3.48)kg were selected and divided into control group,groups 1 and 2 with 5 replicates in each group and 4 pigs in each replicate(half of castrated boars and half of sows).The pigs in control group were fed with basal diet,in group 1 were fed with 0.5%Monascus yeast selenium germanium complex preparation,and in group 2 were fed with 0.5%compound Chinese medicine extract in the basic diet.The results showed that:①There was no significant difference in growth performance among the three groups(P>0.05).②Compared with the control group,the villus height(VH)of jejunum,villus height/crypt depth(V/H)and villus height of ileum were significantly increased in group 1(P<0.05),villus height of jejunum and ileum in group 2 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Villus height of jejunum and ileum in group 1 were significantly higher than that in group 2(P<0.05).③Compared with the control group,the Shannon index of cecal flora in groups 1 and 2 were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the Simpson index were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Shannon index of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2(P<0.05).④At the phylum level,compared with the control group,the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in group 1.The abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in group 2.The abundance of Actinobacteria in group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2,and the abundance of Firmicutes in group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2.At the genus level,compared with the control group,the abundance of Streptococcus was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Turicibacter,uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in group 1.The abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Streptococcus were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Turicibacter,Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in group 2.The abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 and Streptococcus in group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2(P<0.05),the abundance of Uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 in group 1 were significantly lower than that of group 2(P<0.05).⑤In group 1,the expression of Occludin,ZO-1 and Claudin-1 were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05),and the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 were significantly higher than group 2(P<0.05).The above results showed that both the Monascus yeast selenium germanium complex preparation and compound Chinese medicine extract could improve the intestinal health of growing pigs,and the feeding effect of Monascus group was better.