小麦替代玉米对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫器官、血液指标和全肠食糜黏度的影响

试验以玉米基础日粮为对照组，设小麦基础日粮、小麦基础日粮加木聚糖酶、黑曲霉发酵小麦为试验组，选择1日龄AA肉鸡360羽，随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复30羽，公母混雏，预试期1周，第2周转入正试期，第4周末屠宰，测定生产性能、免疫器官指数、血液指标、全肠食糜黏度，对盲肠内容物进行菌落分离，并对肝脏和脾脏做组织切片，进一步分析免疫功能。结果表明，①生产性能：7～14日龄，发酵小麦组平均日增重极显著低于其他3组（P<0.01），料重比最高，与其他3组相比差异极显著（P<0.01），小麦组和小麦加酶组的料重比差异不显著（P>0.05），但二者均高于玉米组，差异极显著（P<0.01）。15～22日龄，发酵小麦组平均日增重极显著低于其他3组（P<0.01）；玉米组和小麦加酶组平均采食量无显著性差异（P>0.05），但二者均高于发酵小麦组，低于小麦组，差异极显著（P<0.01）；玉米组和小麦加酶组的料重比差异不显著（P>0.05），小麦组和发酵小麦组的料重比差异也不显著（P>0.05），但前两组极显著低于后两组（P<0.01）。23～30日龄，发酵小麦组平均日增重低于其他3组（P<0.01）；玉米组和小麦加酶组平均采食量无显著性差异（P>0.05），但二者均高于发酵小麦组，低于小麦组，差异极显著（P<0.01）；发酵小麦组料重比高于玉米组和小麦加酶组，低于小麦组，差异极显著（P<0.01）。②发酵小麦组脾脏指数与小麦加酶组差异显著（P<0.05），胸腺指数与小麦组差异极显著（P<0.01），玉米组和小麦加酶组差异不显著；③盲肠内容物菌落分离结果显示，对28日龄肉仔鸡盲肠厌氧菌总数、乳酸菌数的影响差异不显著（P>0.05），小麦加酶组大肠杆菌数与玉米组相比差异显著（P<0.05），但小麦加酶组和玉米组的大肠杆菌数与发酵小麦组和小麦组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）；④血液指标：4个组T3、T4、血糖、尿酸水平差异极显著（P<0.01）⑤不同日粮肉仔鸡肝和脾组织切片图显示，小麦日粮组肝脏组织、淋巴细胞局灶性增生面积大，其他组间无明显差异；小麦日粮组脾脏出现红髓淤血，其他组无明显变化。

Effect of Wheat Replace Corn on Broiler Production Performance,Immune Organs,Blood Parameters and Digesta Viscosity

The experiment was divided into 4 groups: corn diet as the control group, wheat diet, wheat diet supplemented xylanase, fermented wheat diet as the test group. 360 one-day-old AA broiler chickens were selected and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 repeats each group, 30 chickens each repeat, male and female mixed. The pre-feeding period was a week. It went into the test period in the second week. They were slaughtered on the fourth weekend. The production performance, immune organ index, blood parameters, digesta viscosity were determined, and cecal contents were separated colonies. The results showed: ①Production performance,7 to 14 day-old, the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), feed efficiency was highest than other (P<0.01),wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference,but higher than corn diet(P<0.01). 15 to 22 day-old, the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase average feed intake was no signifficent difference(P>0.05), but higher than fermented wheat diet and lower than wheat diet (P<0.01). Corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05), wheat diet and fermented wheat diet feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05),but the frist two groups lower than behind two groups. 23 to 30 day-old , the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05),but higher than Fermented wheat diet and lower than wheat diet(P<0.01),fermented wheat diet feed efficiency higher than corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase,but lower than wheat diet(P<0.01). ② Immune organs index: fermented wheat diet spleen index was the higher than wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.05). Fermented wheat diet Thymus index was the higher than wheat diet(P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase was no signifficent difference(P>0.05).③ Colony isolation cecal contents showed: no significant difference in the total number of anaerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (P>0.05), wheat diet supplemented xylanase E.coli was less than the corn diet(P<0.05), but the total number of the other groups of lactic acid bacteria was no significant difference (P>0.05). ④Fermented wheat diet T3, T4, and blood glucose were lower than corn diet,wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.01), uric acid were higher than corn diet,wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.01). ⑤Tissue slice showed: wheat diet liver lymph cells hyperplasia,spleens have congestion,other groups had no signifficent difference.