黄芪多糖的药理作用及其在仔猪疾病防治中应用的研究进展

黄芪是一味药食两用、补中益气的中国传统中药，黄芪多糖是其最重要的天然活性成分，具有无耐药性、抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力及抗氧化功能，改善肠道微生态等作用，其中以免疫调节作用最为突出。大量研究证明，黄芪多糖在体内外均具有显著的免疫调节作用。作者归纳了黄芪多糖对免疫相关基因的调控，在器官免疫、细胞免疫、细胞因子和胞内信使物质、心血管系统免疫、抗菌免疫、抗病毒免疫等方面的作用，以及其作为免疫佐剂在猪瘟（CSF）、猪圆环病毒病（PCVD）、猪口蹄疫（FMD）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、猪支原体肺炎（MPS）等仔猪疾病应用的最新研究进展，发现黄芪多糖主要作为免疫佐剂及动物饲料添加剂使用，应用范围狭窄，缺乏深度的研究开发。今后应加强对分离、纯化后的均一组分低分子质量黄芪多糖及其结构特点，以及其与免疫调节作用间构效关系的研究以提高黄芪多糖疗效，推广其临床应用。

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Piglet Disease Prevention and Treatment

Astragali Radix is a Chinese herbal medicine which is used for both medicine and food,Astragalus polysaccharides is the most important natural active ingredients which has functions of improving immunity and antioxidant ability and intestinal microecology,and has the capability of anti-microbial and anti-virus without drug resistance,of which immune regulation is the most prominent.Numerous studies have demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharides have significant immunomodulatory effect in vivo and in vitro.The authors introduced the regulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune related genes,its role in organ immunity,cellular immunity,cytokines and intracellular messenger substances,cardiovascular system immunity,antibacterial immunity and antiviral immunity,and summarized its application used as immune adjuvant in CSF,PCVD,FMD,PRRS and MPS in the latest research progress.At present,most researches are limited to the structure of Astragalus polysaccharide,which is mainly used as immune adjuvant and animal feed additive,and its application range is narrow which lacks deep research and development.In the future,we should strengthen the separation and purification of low molecular weight Astragalus polysaccharide,explore its structure characteristics and immune regulation of the structure-activity relationship to improve its curative effect,promote its clinical application.