3个品种兔微卫星标记的遗传多样性研究

为分析福建黄兔、新西兰兔、日本大耳白兔群体内的遗传变异情况和群体间的遗传相关性，本试验选取3个品种兔各25只，分别耳静脉采血并采用试剂盒抽提全血基因组，运用15个微卫星标记，结合荧光PCR技术和毛细管电泳方法获得目的片段，通过计算等位基因数、有效等位基因数、杂合度、多态信息含量和遗传距离，分析3个品种兔的遗传多样性。结果显示，3个品种兔在15个座位共检测到110个等位基因，平均等位基因数为7.3个，其中福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别检测到95、95和88个等位基因，且分别在11、12和11个微卫星座位表现为高度多态，表明3个品种兔在筛选的15个微卫星座位均呈现较丰富的遗传多态信息。Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡检验结果表明，福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别有8、8和6个座位处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。Nei氏遗传距离分析显示，福建黄兔与新西兰兔、福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔、新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔的Nei氏遗传距离分别为0.1761、0.2347和0.0432。遗传距离越小时，相似度越高，亲缘关系越近，因此，新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最近，福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最远。

Study on Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite Markers in Three Rabbit Breeds

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variance in each breed and the genetic correlation among three rabbit breeds including Fujian Yellow rabbit,New Zealand rabbit and Japanese White rabbit.In this experiment,all blood samples were took from 25 rabbits of each breed,DNA from the blood was extracted by DNA extract kit.The target sequence was got using 15 microsatellite loci,fluorescent PCR and capillary electrophoresis.The genetic diversity of three rabbit breeds was discussed by calculating alleles,effective alleles,heterozygosity,polymorphic information content and genetic distance.The results showed that a total of 110 alleles were detected at 15 microsatellite loci in three rabbit breeds,and the average number of allele was 7.3.The number of alleles of Fujian Yellow rabbit,New Zealand rabbit and Japanese White rabbit were 95,95 and 88,respectively.The number of microsatellite loci with high polymorphism variability in three rabbit breeds were below:Fujian Yellow rabbit was 11,New Zealand rabbit was 12,Japanese White rabbit was 11,so the selected 15 microsatellite loci had rich polymorphic information in three rabbit breeds.The result of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test showed that 8 microsatellite loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Fujian Yellow rabbit and New Zealand rabbit,and 6 microsatellite loci in Japanese White rabbit.Nei's genetic distance analysis showed that the genetic distances between Fujian Yellow rabbit and New Zealand rabbit,Fujian Yellow rabbit and Japanese White rabbit,New Zealand rabbit and Japanese White rabbit were 0.1761,0.2347 and 0.0432,respectively.The smaller genetic distance lead to the higher similarity and the closer genetic relationship.In a word,the genetic relationship between New Zealand rabbit and Japanese White rabbit was the most close in three rabbit breeds,and the genetic relationship between Fujian Yellow rabbit and Japanese White rabbit was the most distant in three rabbit breeds.