22~42日龄黑羽番鸭日粮适宜代谢能、粗蛋白质、钙和有效磷水平的研究

为研究22~42日龄阶段不同营养水平日粮配方对黑羽番鸭的生长发育及屠宰性能的影响，试验选择288只22日龄黑羽番鸭，随机分为9组，每组4个重复，每个重复8只番鸭，采用4因素3水平L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计，设3个代谢能水平（11.92、12.32、12.72 MJ/kg），3个粗蛋白质水平（16%、18%、20%），3个钙水平（0.6%、0.8%、1.0%）和3个有效磷水平（0.30%、0.45%、0.60%），按照不同营养水平设计B1~B9共9个日粮试验组，通过饲养试验和屠宰试验，测定番鸭的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标。结果显示：B3组在体重增长、屠宰性能上的营养优势较为明显，其平均末重、平均日增重、料重比分别为1 556.64 g、46.43 g/d和2.39，其中平均末重显著高于B1和B9组（P<0.05）；屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率分别为73.43%、64.81%、55.26%和26.56%，表现出了较好的生长发育态势；再结合该组番鸭体尺指标及血清生化指标结果，说明B3组番鸭日粮营养水平为最佳。因此，在本试验条件下，推荐22~42日龄黑羽番鸭日粮营养水平为：代谢能11.92 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质19.25%，钙1.03%，有效磷0.60%。

Study on Metabolizable Energy,Crude Protein,Ca and Available P Contents in Black Muscovy Ducks Aged from 22 to 42 Days

In order to obtain the adequate contents of metabolic energy,crude protein,calcium and available phosphorus in diet of Black Muscovy duck aged from 22 to 42 days,288 22-day-old healthy Black Muscovy ducks were chosen and separated to 9 groups, with 4 repeats per group and 8 ducks per repeat,and L9 (3⁴) design was selected to engage in orthogonal experiment of four factors at three levels.The ducks were fed 9 experimental diets of B1 to B9 with different levels of ME (11.92,12.32,12.72 MJ/kg),CP(16%,18%,20%),Ca(0.6%,0.8%,1.0%) and available P (0.30%,0.45%,0.60%).The growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of the ducks were detected by feeding and slaughter test.The result showed that the nutritional advantages of B3 group were more obvious in weight gain and slaughter performance, the average final weight, average daily gain and F/G of B3 group were 1 556.64 g,46.43 g/d and 2.39,respectively,of which the average final weight was significantly higher than that of B1 and B9 groups (P<0.05).The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate,eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate of ducks in B3 group were 73.43%,64.81%, 55.26% and 26.56%,respectively, showing a good growth and development trend.The result of body size measurements and serum biochemical indexes indicated the nutrition level and feed formula of B3 group was the best.Therefore,the recommend nutrient levels of diet for 22 to 42 days old Black Muscovy duck were metabolic energy 11.92 MJ/kg,crude protein 19.25%,calcium 1.03% and effective phosphorus 0.60% under the presented experiment condition.