猪妊娠过程中胎盘发育及其调控基因研究进展

胎盘是母体与胎儿进行营养物质、气体及废弃物交换的重要器官。妊娠过程中，猪胎盘功能是影响母猪产仔数、死胎数及断奶前死亡率的最重要因素之一。作者介绍了猪妊娠早期胎盘的建立过程及形态变化、妊娠中期胎盘褶皱的形成、妊娠后期胎盘的进一步发育，阐述了这3个妊娠阶段猪胎盘的形态变化与其对应的胎盘功能之间的关系，并介绍了目前所发现的调控猪胎盘建立和发育的相关基因，包括透明质酸酶（HYAL）、组织蛋白酶（CTSB和CTSL1）及乙酰肝素酶（HPSE）基因，为提高母猪胎盘效率、增加母猪繁殖力提供科学依据。

Research Advance on Placenta Development and Its Regulated Genes in Pig

The placenta is an organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake,gas exchange and waste exclusion.During gestation in pig,the function of placenta is one of the most importance factor that influence the litter size,stillbirth and the mortality of pre-weaning.In this review,the authors summarized the process of placental formation and morphological changes during the first trimester of pregnancy,the formation of placental folds in the second trimester,and the changes of the placental folds in the second trimester of pregnancy.We also analyzed the related genes that regulate the establishment and development of porcine placenta,including HYAL,CTSB,CTSL1 and HPSE genes.The review will provide scientific guidance for future studies on the placental efficiency and the sow fertility.