10个云南地方猪种微卫星遗传多样性分析

为阐明保山猪、迪庆藏猪、高贡黎山猪、丽江猪、明光小耳猪、滇南小耳猪、撒坝猪、大河猪、昭通猪、大河乌猪10个云南省优良地方猪种的群体遗传多样性和遗传结构，本试验参考ArkDB数据库中家猪14条染色体上的15对微卫星引物，对549个云南地方猪个体的耳组织样品进行了检测分析，计算各微卫星座位等位基因数（Na）、有效等位基因数（Ne）、Shannon's信息指数（I）、表观杂合度（Ho）、期望杂合度（He）、F-统计量（Fis、Fit、Fst）、基因流（Nm）、群体遗传距离等相关参数及多态信息含量（PIC），采用NTsys 2.10软件构建聚类树，并采用STRUCTRUE 2.3.3软件评估群体遗传结构。结果显示：15个微卫星座位共检测到293个等位基因，各座位等位基因数在5~38个之间，平均等位基因数为19个，平均有效等位基因数8.3682个；10个云南地方猪群体的Shannon多样性、表观杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别在1.4374~2.0317、0.6389~0.7756、0.7021~0.8281和0.6647~0.7993之间。各座位单个群体内近交系数（Fis）、总群体近交系数（Fit）、群体间遗传分化系数（Fst）的变化范围分别为-0.0678~0.4594、0.0618~0.5567和0.0713~0.1801；群体间Fst平均值为0.1101，处于中度遗传分化状态，有11.01%的遗传变异来自于群体间，大部分遗传变异来自于群体内；每个座位基因流程度较高，变化范围在1.6392~3.2551之间，平均值为2.0214。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建UPGMA系统发生树显示，高黎贡山猪与迪庆藏猪聚为一支，并与丽江猪、保山猪和明光小耳猪聚为一大支，其结果得到了STRUCTURE分析的验证。综上所述，10个云南地方猪种遗传多样性丰富，群体内有近交现象，群体间处于中度遗传分化，存在着一定的基因交流。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ten Yunnan Local Pig Breeds Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

Baoshan pig,Diqing Tibetan pig,Gaoli Gongshan pig,Lijiang pig,Mingguang Small-ear pig,Diannan Small-ear pig,Saba pig,Dahe pig,Zhaotong pig and Dahe Black pig are ten local pig breeds with excellent breed characteristics in Yunnan province,China.To assess their genetic diversity and genetic structure,a total of 549 unrelated ear tissue samples from the ten indigenous pig breeds were genotyped using 15 fluorescence-labeled microsatellite DNA markers of 14 chromosomes in the ArkDB database.The number of alleles (Na),effective allele number (Ne),Shannon's information index (I),apparent heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He), F-statistics(Fis,Fit,Fst),gene flow (Nm),population genetic distance and other related parameters and polymorphic information content (PIC) were determined,cluster tree was built by NTsys 2.10,and STRUCTRUE 2.3.3 software was used to evaluate the genetic structure of the population.The results showed that the Na of 15 microsatellite loci was 293,ranging from 5 to 38 alleles per locus.The mean number of alleles and effective number of alleles per locus were found to be 19 and 8.3682,respectively.The average Shannon's information index,observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 10 indigenous pig populations ranged from 1.4374 to 2.0317,0.6389 to 0.7756,0.7021 to 0.8281,0.6647 to 0.7993,respectively.The average inbreeding coefficient within accessions (Fis) and overall inbreeding coefficient (Fit) per locus ranged from -0.0678 to 0.4594 and 0.0618 to 0.5567,respectively.The moderate degree of genetic differentiation index (Fst) ranged from 0.0713 to 0.1801 with an average of 0.1101,which demonstrated that approximately 11.01% of genetic variations were among populations and 88.99% of genetic differences were within populations.The high level of gene flow at each locus was discovered from 1.6392 to 3.2551,with a mean Nm of 2.0214.The phylogenetic relationships of pig breeds were constructed using UPGMA method based on Nei's genetic distance.The UPGMA dendrogram showed that the Gaoli Gongshan pig and Diqing Tibetan pig jointed as one cluster.And then joined with Baoshan pig,Lijiang pig and Mingguang Small-ear pig breeds as a big group.STRUCTURE analysis confirmed the analysis result observed in the UPGMA tree.The study indicated that the genetic diversity was abundant in ten Yunnan local pig breeds.There were close inbreeding phenomenon in the ten breeds.The level of genetic differentiation among populations was moderately,with a certain amount of gene flow.