山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化及空气动力学特征

试验研究了山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化规律和真菌气溶胶的空气动力学特征，以期为羊场的环境控制提供依据。应用Andersen-6级空气微生物采样器，以孟加拉红培养基为采样介质，于春、夏、秋、冬分别采集了山西省东南部3个羊场羊舍的真菌气溶胶，分析其气载真菌浓度和真菌气溶胶的粒径特点。结果表明，羊舍气载真菌一年中以秋季浓度最高，显著高于其他季节（P<0.05），且秋季一天上午、中午、下午3个时间段中，浓度差异显著（P<0.05）；羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子4个季节在采样器上的分布基本相同，高峰出现在第Ⅳ级，主要分布在Ⅲ~Ⅴ级，占各级总数的72.66%~83.87%，可进入人和动物的肺泡；羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子计数中值直径（CMD）为1.3~2.9 μm，粒径分布的离散度（GSD）为1.6~2.7 μm；夏季CMD显著低于其他季节（P<0.05）。综合以上结果，羊舍气载真菌浓度与季节密切相关，80%左右气溶胶粒子可进入人和动物肺泡，且CMD小于其他动物圈舍，潜在危害较大。

Concentration Variation and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airborne Fungi in Sheep Houses in Southeastern Shanxi Province

In order to provide the basis for the environmental control of sheep houses,the variation of airborne fungal concentration and the aerodynamic characteristics of fungal aerosols were researched in the Southeast Shanxi province.An Andersen six-stage microbial sampler was used to collect air and Rose Bengal Medium (RBM) was used as the medium.Airborne fungi were collected from three sheep houses in Southeastern Shanxi province in four seasons a year.The concentration and particle size characteristics of airborne fungi were analyzed.The results showed that the highest airborne fungal concentration was in autumn,which was significantly higher than the other seasons (P<0.05),and the concentration difference was significant in the 3 periods of morning,noon and afternoon in autumn (P<0.05);The distribution of fungal particle in sampler were same basically in four seasons,and the peak appears at the stage Ⅳ,the fungal particle were mainly distributed from stage Ⅲ to Ⅴ of the sampler,accounting for 72.66%-83.87% of total number;The CMD of airborne fungi ranged from 1.3 to 2.9 μm,The GSD ranged from 1.6 to 2.7 μm;The CMD of summer was significant lower than other seasons (P<0.05).In conclusion,the concentration of airborne fungi in sheep house was closely related to season and had large potential hazards.About 80% of aerosol particles could enter the alveoli of human and animal,the CMD of sheep house was smaller than other animal houses.