马鹿的起源进化与遗传多样性研究进展

马鹿是非常重要的物种资源,由于栖息地的流失和人为干扰进行近亲繁殖等导致野生马鹿数量急剧减少,而家养马鹿多经过改良,因此马鹿的纯种数量锐减。对马鹿进行分子遗传学研究不仅可以加深人们对马鹿起源和物种形成的认识,还能帮助开展遗传多样性保护研究。随着高通量测序技术、分子生物学和生物信息学的迅速发展,马鹿的起源进化研究已发展到全基因组水平,并取得了一定的成果。马鹿的起源进化研究从最初对体态外貌和染色体核型的研究逐渐发展到对DNA序列与生理指标的研究。文章回顾了近年来国内外对马鹿起源进化和遗传多样性方面的研究,从起源时间、起源地和迁徙路线等方面揭示了马鹿的演化历史,介绍了父系、母系和常染色体研究方面分析了马鹿遗传多样性选取的不同分子标记,为进一步揭示马鹿种群的遗传变异、分化情况、迁徙路线和系统发育关系等提供基础信息,同时为马鹿遗传资源的利用和保护以及马鹿产业的良性发展提供重要的借鉴与参考。

Research Advances on the Origin,Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Red deer is a very important species resource.Due to habitat loss and human interference, the number of wild red deer has decreased sharply, while most domestic red deer have been improved, so the number of pure red deer has decreased sharply.The study of molecular genetics of red deer can not only deepen people’s understanding of the origin and speciation of red deer, but also help to carry out genetic diversity protection research.With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, molecular biology and bioinformatics, the origin and evolution of red deer have been progressed to the genome-wide level.The study on the origin and evolution of red deer has gradually developed from the study of body appearance and chromosome karyotype to the study of DNA sequence and physiological indexes.This paper reviews the research progress on the origin, evolution and genetic diversity of red deer at home and abroad in recent years.It not only reveals the evolutionary history of red deer from the aspects of origin time, origin place and migration route, but also introduces the different molecular markers for paternal, maternal and autosomal genetic diversity selection of red deer in order to further reveal the genetic variation, differentiation, migration route and phylogenetic relationship of red deer population, provides important references for the utilization and protection of genetic resources and the healthy development of red deer industry.