北京南海子麋鹿苑麋鹿肠道寄生虫流行病学调查

为了解北京南海子麋鹿苑麋鹿肠道寄生虫感染情况和影响因素，本试验分别于2018年4月和10月收集北京南海子麋鹿苑麋鹿粪便样品共53份、补料区土壤样品9份、湖水及淤泥样品9份，应用饱和食盐水漂浮法、水洗沉淀集卵法、改良抗酸染色法、饱和硫酸镁漂浮法、试管滤纸培养法、滤膜培养法对麋鹿寄生虫感染情况及土壤中寄生虫情况进行检测，同时对麋鹿苑湖水及淤泥中贝类进行分类鉴定。结果显示：北京南海子麋鹿苑53份麋鹿粪便样品均检出了寄生虫卵，感染率为100%，感染的寄生虫主要有线虫、吸虫、绦虫和原虫，以线虫、吸虫为主，且主要为混合感染。麋鹿苑土壤深层（90~95 cm）寄生虫虫卵的检出率为100%，高于中层（30~35 cm）和浅表层（2~7 cm）寄生虫虫卵检出率（均为33%），但未检测出钩虫卵和活的蛔虫卵。在湖水及淤泥中检测到环棱螺属、沼螺属、赤豆螺，以环棱螺属的螺类为主，其可能成为广州管圆线虫、华支睾吸虫和抱茎棘隙吸虫的中间宿主。结果表明，北京南海子麋鹿苑麋鹿普遍存在寄生虫感染情况，且与生活环境关系密切，影响麋鹿寄生虫病流行的主要因素为驱虫和轮牧不够，粪便和水塘未进行无害化处理，随粪便排出的虫卵成为循环感染的重要因素，应采取有效的综合防控措施，以保障麋鹿种群的健康发展。

Epidemiological Investigation on Elaphurus davidianus Intestinal Parasites in Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park

To understand the parasite infection situation and influencing factors of Elaphurus davidianus in Beijing Nanhaizi Milu park,53 faeces,9 soil samples,9 lake water and sludge samples were collected in April and October 2018.The parasite eggs in deer faeces and the soil were tested by the saturated salt water float method,precipitation accumulation,the improved anti-acid staining,the saturated magnesium sulfate floating,the test tube filter paper culture and the filter membrane culture.At the same time,the shellfish,which came from the water and sludge of the park,were classified and identified.The results showed that the parasite infection rate of Elaphurus davidianus was 100%.And the infected parasites were mainly nematodes,trematodes,tapeworm and protozoa,of which nematodes and trematodes were predominant,mostly mixed infections.In the deep soil of the park,90-95 cm,the detection rate of parasite eggs was 100%,which was higher than that in the middle soil (30-35 cm)and shallow surface layer (2-7 cm) 33%,but no hookworm and ascaris eggs were detected.In the water and silt,three kinds of medical mollusc were detected,of which the main was Bellamya jousseaume,which could be the intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis,Clonorchis sinensis and Echinotrematodes.This study indicated that there was widespread parasite infection among Elaphurus davidianus in Beijing Milu park,which was closely related to the living environment.The main factors that affected the prevalence of parasite were insufficient deinsectization and rotational grazing,no harmless treatment of faeces and ponds,and the eggs discharged with faeces became an important factor of circulating infection.So effective comprehensive control measures should be taken to ensure the healthy development of the Elaphurus davidianus population.