不同种类脂肪酸对延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞成脂转分化的影响

试验旨在探究用同一浓度不同种类的脂肪酸单体（油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸及棕榈酸）处理延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（BSC），研究其对脂肪生成相关基因表达及脂滴形成的影响。从18月龄延边黄牛半膜肌中分离提取骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外培养，在分化培养基中分别添加100 μmol/L油酸（OA）、硬脂酸（SA）、棕榈油酸（POA）和棕榈酸（PA）培养96 h，油红O染色观察脂滴生成情况，并利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测与脂肪生成相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）、固醇调节原件结合蛋白1（SREBP1）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶（SCD）、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）的表达。油红O染色结果显示，与对照组相比，所有的脂肪酸处理组细胞均有脂滴形成，油酸和棕榈油酸处理组相对于棕榈酸和硬脂酸处理组在肌管内形成的脂滴数量更多，且脂滴的形态较大。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，在延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中添加油酸和棕榈油酸等不饱和脂肪酸增加了与脂肪合成相关基因PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα的表达，抑制了SCD基因的表达；添加饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）则在促进PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα基因表达的同时也显著增加了SCD基因的表达（P < 0.05）。结果表明，添加脂肪酸可以诱导延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞向脂肪细胞转分化。

Effects of Different Fatty Acids on Adipogenic and Transdifferentiation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells in Yanbian Yellow Cattle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds of fatty acid monomers (oleic acid,stearic acid,palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid) on the skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSC) of Yanbian Yellow cattle,and analyze the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and the effects on the formation of lipid droplets.Skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow cattle semi-membrane muscle for in vitro culture,and 100 mmol/L oleic acid,stearic acid,palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid were added to the differentiation medium for 96 h,Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ),sterol-regulated binding protein 1 (SREBP1),stearyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα).Oil red O staining results showed that lipid droplets were formed in all fatty acid treatments compared with control cells.Oleic acid and palmitoleic acid treatments had more lipid droplets and larger lipid droplets than palmitic acid and stearic acid treatments.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the addition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and palmitoleic acid to the skeletal muscle satellite cells of Yanbian Yellow cattle increased the expression of PPARγ,SREBP1 and C/EBPα genes,and inhibited the expression of SCD gene.The addition of saturated fatty acids (stearic acid and palmitic acid) also significantly increased the expression of SCD gene while promoting the expression of PPARγ,SREBP1 and C/EBPα genes(P < 0.05).The results indicated that the addition of fatty acids could induce the transdifferentiation of the skeletal muscle satellite cells to adipocytes in Yanbian Yellow cattle.