云南省桑属植物种质资源分类及生态分布研究

对云南省 12个地区 (州 )的 4 5个县 (市 )进行了桑属植物种质资源考察研究 ,收集桑树种质资源 2 0 8份。经多年种植、观察、鉴定和分类 ,确定其分属白桑 (M .albaLinn )、鲁桑 (M .multicaulisPerr.)、长穗桑 (M .wittiorumHand Mazz)、长果桑 (M .laevigataWall.)、华桑 (M .cathayanaHemsl.)、广东桑 (M .atropurpureaRoxb .)、鸡桑 (M .aus tralisPoir )、山桑 (M .bombycisKoidz.)、瑞穗桑 (M .mizuhoHotta .)、滇桑 (M .yunnanensisKoidz.)、蒙桑 (M .mongolicaSchneid .)、鬼桑 (M .mongolicavar .diabolicaKoidz .)共 11个桑种和 1个变种 ,其中鲁桑、瑞穗桑属于引进桑种。云南省特有桑种滇桑相对集中分布在哀牢山山脉的贡山、新平和屏边 3个区域 ,形成在形态特征上有一定差异的 3个分布群体。对 4 1份桑属植物种质资源染色体倍数性进行了研究鉴定。

Study on the Ecological Distributio n of Morus Germplasm Resources in Yunnan Province

In the study,208 mulberry germplasms were collected from 45 counties of 12 prefectures in Yunnan Province during 1987 to 1999.11 species and 1 variant were identified as M.alba Linn , M.multicaulis Perr., M.wittiorum Hand Mazz, M.laevigata Wall., M.cathayana Hemsl., M.atropurpurea Roxb., M.mongolica Schneid., M.australis Poiret., M.bombycis Koidz., M.mizuho Hotta., M.yumanensis Koidz. and M.mongolica var .diabolica Koidz.,among which the M.multicaulis Perr.and M.mizuho Hotta are introduced species.The M.yunnanensis Koidz.,peculiar to Yunnan Province,distributes mainly in Gong Mountain,Xinping and Pingbian areas of Ailao Mountain Chain,and forms 3 distributing groups with different morphological characters.In the paper,the chromosomes of 41 Yunnan mulberry germplasm resources were also studied.It was found that there are 36 diploid(2n=2x=28),4 triploid(2n=3x=42) and 1 natural tetraploid(2n=4x=56),and the percenage of them was 87.8%,9.76%and 2.44% respectively.Wild natural tetraploid has important significance for Chinese mulberry germplasm resources.