景观格局分布特征的区域差异分析--以鄂尔多斯高原伊金霍洛旗为例

以内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原伊金霍洛旗为研究区域 ,以TM遥感影像解译的 1998年土地利用图为基础资料 ,将伊金霍洛旗划分为毛乌素沙地亚区、乌审凹地亚区和黄土丘陵亚区。从区域尺度 ,利用多样性、优势度、均匀度、分维数、平均斑块形状指数、平均斑块大小、斑块密度指数和斑块体平均斑块边缘等指数 ,对不同景观亚区的景观格局进行了数量分析。结果表明 ,在景观亚区这一尺度上 ,毛乌素沙地亚区一方面对该旗景观格局起控制作用 ,另一方面该亚区所承受的人类活动强度最大 ,景观的破碎化程度最深。而乌审凹地亚区的景观破碎化程度最小 ,人类活动强度最弱。从景观要素来看 ,无论哪一亚区均以天然草地为景观基质 ;不同类型斑块总的格局特点是 ,受人类影响程度愈深的斑块 ,其破碎化程度愈深 ,斑块的复杂性降低。总体而言 ,天然类型的斑块体 ,其斑块复杂性以乌审凹地亚区最为复杂 ,斑块的破碎化程度则以毛乌素沙地亚区最深 ;而人工斑块类型的变化规律在不同斑块类型之间稍有不同。

Analysis on the Regional Difference of the Distribution Characteristics of Landscape Patterns -- A Case Study in Yijinhollo Banner on the Erdos Plateau

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in north China. The change of land use patterns can reflect the process and characteristics of desertification. The Erdos Plateau is located in the farming grazing ecotone where desertification is serious. In this paper, a case study about the regional difference of the distribution characteristics of landscape patterns is carried out in Yijinhollo Banner on the Erdos Plateau based on the map of land use in 1998, which was interpreted from TM images. The study area is divided into three subregions, i.e., the Mu Us Sandland subregion, Wushen Lowland subregion and loess hill subregion. The landscape patterns in the subregions are analyzed by using the indexes of diversity, superiority, uniformity, fractal dimension indexes, average shape, size and density of landscape spots, etc. The results show that, on the one hand, the Mu Us Sandland subregion plays a control role in the landscape patterns, on the other hand, the intensity of human activities is highest and the fragmentized degree of the landscapes is most serious in this subregion. The fragmentized degree of the landscapes is lightest and the intensity of human activities is lowest in the Wushen Lowland subregion. Viewing from the landscape factors, grasslands are the matrix of landscapes in all the subregions. The characteristics of overall pattern of the different landscape spots are that the higher the intensity of human activities is, the more serious the fragmentized degree of the landscapes will be, and the complexity of spots is reduced. To sum up, the natural spots are most complicated in the Wushen Lowland subregion, the fragmentized degree of the landscapes is highest in the Mu Us Sandland subregion, and the change of artificial landscape spots is different from the different subregions.