波斑鸨的生态生物学研究现状

波斑鸨是生存于荒漠和半荒漠地区的一种中型鸨科鸟类，全世界共3个亚种，被IUCN列为易危种。近几十年来，由于工农业用地的扩大和过度放牧造成的栖息地退化和丧失，以及狩猎等因素导致波斑鸨野外种群数量锐减。为有效保护这一物种，有关学者在波斑鸨的生物生态学领域开展了广泛而又深入的研究。从地理分布与种群数量、栖息地选择、采食习性、活动模式与节律、行为、巢域、繁殖生物学、迁徙、致危原因和保护与恢复生态学10个方面，对波斑鸨研究现状进行了综述。

Actuality of the Study on Ecological Biology of Chlamydotis undulata

Chlamydotis undulata, identified as three subspecies (C. u. fuertaventurae,C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii) in the world, is a species of medium-sized member of the Otididae inhabiting in vast deserts and semi-deserts where the annual precipitation is less than 220 mm, classified to be vulnerable by the IUCN. Most habitats of Chlamydotis undulata are in the typical xeric and halophilous desert vegetation dominated by Salsola spp, Haloxylon spp, Zygophillum spp, Anabasis spp and Artemisia spp., the vegetation coverage is low and does not exceed 25%, and its average height is about 0.4 m. Population of wild Chlamydotis undulata has sharply reduced since recent decades. It is considered that such reduction is mainly caused by expansion of farmlands, industry-used lands, urban areas and mineral areas as well as overgrazing, hunting and other human activities. In order to conserve this species, some scientists around the world have conducted a series research work on Chlamydotis undulata. This paper summarizes the major results of the researches in ten domains, i.e., the geographical distribution and population size, habitat selection, feeding habit, daily activity pattern and rhythm, behaviors, nesting extent, breeding biology, migration, endangered causes, and conservation and restoration ecology.