1990-2010年新疆额尔齐斯河流域湿地景观动态变化

利用1990 年、2000 年、2010 年3期TM遥感影像，运用GIS 和FRAGSTATS景观分析软件，从景观和斑块尺度上分析了1990-2010年新疆额尔齐斯河流域湿地景观格局变化的整体特征和空间异质性。结果表明：从1990-2010年各类湿地型景观斑块数持续增加，斑块形状趋于不规则化，整体景观趋于破碎化。湿地总面积呈增加趋势，这主要与20世纪80年代以来该流域降水量的增加有关。湿地空间分布上的破碎化主要是人类活动影响的结果。总之，湿地斑块破碎化严重、空间异质性增强，受人类活动的影响随着时间的推移越来越大。

Dynamic Change of Wetland Landscapes in the Ertix River Basin, Xinjiang during the Period of 1990-2010

In this paper, the changes of landscape patterns at both landscape scale and patch scale in the Ertix River Basin, Xinjiang, China were studied based on the satellite images in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The landscape analysis was accomplished using GIS and FRAGSTATS software, and the analyzed items included the various landscape indices relating to the temporal and spatial change of wetland landscape patterns during the period from 1990 to 2010. The results showed that the number of wetland patches was increased, shape of the wetland patches became more irregular, and the wetland landscapes were more fragmental. The total area of wetland patches was enlarged because of the increase of precipitation in the basin since the 1980s, and the increase of landscape fragmentation was mainly caused by the increase of human activities. To sum up, the serious fragmentation of wetland landscapes in the basin was affected by both natural and human factors, and the human adverse impact on the wetland landscapes became more and more serious.