塔里木河下游绿色走廊特点及衰败成因分析

近50年来塔木河上中游的水土开发活动，使得下游地区的来水骤减并中断有近30年的历史，从而引发了下游绿色走廓的逐步走向衰败、土地荒漠化趋势加剧等生态环境恶化问题。本文在前人研究成果基础上，综合分析了塔河下游绿色走廓发生、发展的特殊性和特点，认为绿色走廓衰败主要有5个主要因素：绿色走廓自然生命过程的衰退；新生幼林发生和发育原生机制的中断；土壤盐分的累积和增加；水分条件持续恶化；人类开垦荒地、滥伐、滥控等行为。通过成因分析认为，只有充分考虑到下游绿色走廓的特点及其衰败的原因，才能从根本上解决下游绿色走廓衰败的问题。

Analysis on the Features and the Decline Causes of the Green Corridor at the Lower Reaches of the Mainstream of Tarim River

The exploitation activities of land and water resources in the upper and middle reaches of Tarin River during recent 50 years have resulted in the sharp reduction and 30 year cut off of stream, gradual decline of the green corridor, land desertification, deterioration of the ecological environment, etc. in the lower reaches. Based on the achievements in scientific research of our predecessors, this paper synthetically analyzes the characteristics of formation, development and decline of the green corridor at the lower reaches of Tarim River. It is considered that there are 5 main factors to cause the decline of the green corridor, i.e. the natural decline of life process of the green corridor, cut-off of the primeval mechanism of formation and development of the young growth, accumulation of salt in soil, continuous deterioration of moisture condition, and human's reclamation, severe deforestation and digging. It is considered that only by understanding the chara cteristics and the decline causes of the green corridor at the lower reaches of Tarim River can the green corridor be reconstructed.