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基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析
引用本文:杨国靖,肖笃宁,赵成章.基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(1):27-32.
作者姓名:杨国靖  肖笃宁  赵成章
作者单位:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重大项目 (90 10 2 0 0 4)资助
摘    要:在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS环境下 ,将祁连山区DEM图和坡向图分别同植被图叠加 ,分析研究区各景观组分在空间的分布特征 ;用定量分析景观结构和景观格局程序Fragstats计算景观和各景观组分的相关指数 ,分析其连通性、完整性、破碎化程度及聚集程度。结果表明 :研究区各景观组分分布受海拔高度和坡向的影响非常明显。各景观组分的完整性、连通性和破碎化程度也很不均衡。草地是研究区面积最大、连通性和完整性最好的景观组分 ;青海云杉林呈斑块状或带状分布在阴坡和半阴坡 ,形状最为不规则 ,平均斑块面积小且距离近 ,易受干扰而发生重大变化 ;宜林地和祁连圆柏林相对于农田、疏林地有较强的扩张特征 ;而杨类阔叶林各斑块间相隔距离大 ,斑块之间的邻接性差 ,破碎化程度最为严重。

关 键 词:景观格局  景观指数  祁连山  森林  GIS
文章编号:1001-4675(2004)01-0027-06

GIS-based Analysis on the Forest Landscape Patterns in the Qilian Mountain
YANG Guo-jing,XIAO Du-ning,ZHAO Cheng-zhang.GIS-based Analysis on the Forest Landscape Patterns in the Qilian Mountain[J].Arid Zone Research,2004,21(1):27-32.
Authors:YANG Guo-jing  XIAO Du-ning  ZHAO Cheng-zhang
Abstract:Located in an arid area of west China, the Qilian Mountain has the peculiar mountainous landscape patterns. In this paper, the spatial distribution features of all the landscape components in the Qilian Mountain are analyzed by superposing the DEM map and the slope-facing map with the vegetation map. The correlative indexes of all the landscape components are calculated by the Fragstats, which is used to quantitatively analyzing the landscape structure and the landscape patterns, and the connectivity, integrality and fragmentation of the landscapes are analyzed. The results show that the distribution of all the landscape components in the study area is significantly affected by elevation and slope-facing, and the distribution, connectivity, integrality and fragmentation of all the landscape components are extremely uneven at the different elevations and slope-facings. Grasslands are the landscape component with the largest area and the good connectivity and integrality in the study area. The forests of Picea crassifolia are distributed in patches or zones on the north-facing slopes and semi-north-facing slopes, the average areas of the forest patches are small but the distance between them is short, and the forests are easy to be disturbed; the lands suitable for afforesting and the forests of Sabina przewalsklii have the strong expansion comparing with the croplands and the sparse woodlands; the distance between the patches of popular forests is long, their connectivity is poor, and their fragmentation is serious.
Keywords:landscape pattern  landscape index  forest  GIS  Qilian Mountain
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