黄土高原气候暖干化趋势及适应对策

黄土高原气象观测资料显示,在全球增温背景下,该地区气候暖干化趋势愈来愈明显,且冬季增温趋势明显高于夏季.除6月份降水量具有明显增加的趋势外,其他月份降水量基本上是减少的趋势,尤以7～9月份减少幅度最大.相对湿度在4月份降低幅度最大,此时正值该地区春旱发生季节,给农业生产和社会可持续发展带来影响.以缺水为核心的生态和社会经济矛盾日趋尖锐,提出应该围绕"水"加强管理和立法监督工作;充分利用节水保水技术;加强气候变化规律和预测能力研究.

Study on the Climatic Warming-drying Trend in the Loess Plateau and the Countermeasures

The Loess Plateau is a transitional zone from the warm semi-humid climatic zone to the warm semiarid and arid zone, the climate change is sensitive, the ecological environment is vulnerable, and the production of agriculture and animal husbandry are depended strongly on the climatic conditions. The meteorological data observed in the Loess Plateau show that the climatic warming-drying trend in this region is remarkable under the background of global warming. The climatic warming-drying trend in the Loess Plateau becomes more and more significant, and the temperature increase in winter is higher than that in summer. However, except the monthly precipitation in June is significantly increased, it is basically decreased in other months, especially during the period from July to September. The decrease of relative humidity in April when spring drought occurs is the most significant, which affects seriously the agricultural production and sustainable social development. The contradiction between the maintenance of ecosystems and the social and economic development becomes more and more serious due to the shortage of water. Based on summarizing the research achievements about the climatic warming-drying trend and the possible influences on the ecosystems and the social and economic development in the Loess Plateau, some measures are put forward for enhancing the management of water resources, paying more attention to the study on water-saving irrigation and climate change, and increasing the capability of predicting climate change.