干旱区农户灌溉方式选择的影响因素--以河北省张北县为例

对于干旱缺水的华北地区,推动节水灌溉被认为是可以有效减少农业用水的措施,近年来我国政府也加大了对该地区农业节水技术的投资力度。但由于缺乏对采用农业节水技术影响因素的深入了解,在很大程度上阻碍了节水技术的大面积推广。本文基于河北省张北县的实际调研数据,从地块特征、农户自身特征以及社会环境因素三个方面,采用多项Logit和决策树两种模型对比研究了干旱区农户选择灌溉方式的影响因素;同时构建了一般线性模型,分析了农户采用现代社区型节水技术程度的影响因素。结果表明:政府扶持是农户选择现代社区型节水技术的关键因素,其次是地块面积和家庭水浇地经营规模,但这三个因素对采用该技术程度的影响并不显著。此外,农户的年龄、受教育程度以及土壤类型对灌溉方式选择及其采用程度都具有重要影响,但农户所感知的水资源供求状况没有显著影响。

Study on the determinants of agricultural water-saving technologies:A case in Zhangbei County,Hebei Province,China

In relation to drought and water shortage in North China,water-saving irrigation is considered an effective measure for reducing the use of agricultural water.Over the recent years,the Chinese government has increased its investment in agricultural water-saving technologies in this region.However,owing to a lack of understanding of the determinants relating to their adoption,the use of water-saving technologies has been significantly constrained.Based on survey data from Zhangbei County,Hebei Province,this paper studies these determinants,including the characteristics of lands and peasants,and social factors,of different irrigation modes using multiple-logit and decision-tree models.In terms of the influencing factors relating to farmers’ choices of irrigation method in arid areas,the results estimated using the multiple-logit and decision-tree models are highly consistent.Both models indicate that government support is a key factor in terms of farmers choosing modern community-based water-saving technologies;this is followed by block area and scale of household irrigation.In addition,farmers’ age and education level,soil type,and the choice of irrigation methods also have important influences,whereas the water supply and demand conditions perceived by farmers are insignificant.In terms of the factors influencing the degree by which farmers adopt modern community-based water-saving technologies in arid areas,the following observation were noted: (1)when the soil type is loam,the proportion of modern community-based irrigation technologies is significantly lower than that when the soil is sandy;(2) for farmers,the older they are and the lower their level of education is,the more they adopt modern community-based irrigation technologies;(3) the higher the total household income of farmers are,the more are modern community-based irrigation technologies utilized by them.The scale of irrigated land for farming households,whether they have been supported by the government,and the water supply and demand conditions perceived by farmers do not significantly affect the level of this type of technology adoption.To address the existing problems in the use of agricultural irrigation water and improve the efficiency of irrigation water use,the following suggestions have been provided: (1) increase funding for water-saving irrigation technology, (2) advocate for large-scale agricultural production,and (3) increase farmer awareness regarding the importance of water saving.