农业面源污染对丰水期艾比湖流域水环境的影响

在2008年5月对艾比湖流域地表水进行了系统采集,运用综合污染指数法对水环境质量进行评价,并分析水体中各形态氮磷含量的分布特征。结果表明:丰水期艾比湖流域水体中主要的氮素形式是NO3--N,各条河流中以博尔塔拉河NO3--N(0.433 mg/L)和TN(3.545 mg/L)含量最高,表明农业面源污染是博尔塔拉河受污染程度高于其他河流的主要原因。奎屯河、精河中NH4+-N(0.251 mg/L,0.249 mg/L)的含量在流域内较高,反应了人类活动的影响在两条河流中起主导作用。艾比湖流域各断面上的TP,TN浓度均较高,博尔塔拉河的TN含量超过Ⅴ类水质标准。整个艾比湖流域TP,TN的含量基本达到了富营养化的水平。

Study on the Effect of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution to Water Environment of the Ebinur Lake Basin during High Flow Period

Sustainable utilization of water resources is the foundation and condition for sustainable socio-economic development.Healthy water environment and adequate pure water is an important guarantee for implementing the sustainable development strategy of China in 21 century.As a water carrier,river is an important component part of surface water resources and plays all important role in regional water environment and economic development.Agricultural non-point source pollution is a ubiquitous environment problem nowadays.It restricts directly the sustainable development of society and economy in the world and has aroused more attention.In this paper,an analytical method of comprehensive pollution index is used to evaluate the water environment quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin,and the distribution and concentrations of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water samples collected in May 2008 are analyzed systematically.Through comparing with the standards of water quality category,the result shows that the water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin during high flow period was polluted moderately.NO_3~(-)-N was the main pollutant in the Ebinur Lake Basin.and the concentrations of NO_3~(-)-N and TN in the Bortala River were 0.433 mg/L and 3.545 mg/L respectively.which were the highest in all the rivers.This result reveals that agacultural non-point source pollution was the main cause for the pollution of Bortala River,and this was also why the pollutants'concentrations in other rivers were lower than those in it.The concentrations of NH_4~+-N in the Kuytun River and Jinghe River were 0.25 1 mg/L and 0.249 mg/L respectively,higher than those in other rivers,which reveals that human activities played a dominant role in polluting the water environment of two rivers.In addition,the total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were very high at all the sampling sites,especially along the Bortala River,where the total phosphorus concentration was higher than that of water quality standard V.In conclusion,the water environment quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin has been eutrophicated on the whole.