中国西部地区水安全的多指标物元综合评价

基于环境指标的P-S-R模型,选取了21个反映中国西部地区水安全的指标,采用层次分析法确定了权重系数,建立了类型识别的物元评判模型.以陕西和云南2省为例进行评价,评价结果与当地水资源实际情况相符,表明物元评判模型在区域水安全评价中的应用是可行的.通过分析评判结果,得出陕西省属于资源型、水质型兼工程型缺水地区,而云南省则是工程型缺水地区.提出以提高用水效率为核心,建设节水型社会,并以节流优先、治污为本、多渠道开源为指导原则,建立水资源供给与高效利用体系和水资源安全保障体系,实现人水和谐相处,保障西部地区水安全,为中国西部大开发和全面建设和谐社会提供水资源保障.

Synthetic Evaluation of Water Security in West China by Multi-index Matter-element

Many headwaters of large rivers are located in west China. However, there are a lot of serious problems in exploitation and utilization of water resources in west China, such as the severe natural conditions, impacts of human activities to the headwaters, uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources, contradiction between water supply and demand, and pollution of waters. Water security is closely related to the sustainable social and economic development in west China, and it is an urgent issue needing to be lucubrated. Based on the pressure-state-response model, in this paper 21 indexes reflecting the water security in west China are selected, their weights are derived with AHP method, a model of matter-element evaluation is developed, and a case study on water security in Shaanxi Province and Yunnan Province is carried out. The results reveal that the application of the model in evaluating regional water security is feasible, Shaanxi Province is in shortage of water resources in resources pattern, water quality pattern and engineering pattern, whereas Yunnan Province is in shortage of water resources in engineering pattern. It is suggested to increase the water utilization efficiency, construct water-saved society, prevent and control the pollution of waters, exploit more water sources, establish the systems of water supply and effective utilization systems of water resources so as to ensure the water security and the sufficient water supply for achieving the sustainable social and economic development in west China.