基于RS与GIS的三工河流域生态景观格局分析

利用RS、GIS等手段 ,通过对TM影像的几何校正、配准处理 ,应用计算机分类和人工分类相结合的方法 ,编制生态景观类型图 ,并计算景观多样性、优势度、破碎度和均匀度等指数。对阜康地区三工河流域土地利用类型的生态景观格局初步分析表明 ,该流域是以草地为基质 ,依水分条件优劣发育而成的多种植被类型组合的山地—绿洲—荒漠 (MODS)复合景观结构。其景观破碎度较低 ,多样性较小 ,虽然整体构型较为规整 ,但由于人类活动对其影响的程度趋于增强 ,部分地区生态环境退化表现明显。

RS/GIS-based Analysis on the Ecological Landscape Patternsin the Sangong River Basin,Xinjiang

Located on the northern slope of the Bogda Peak, Xinjiang, the Sangong River watershed has a catchment area of 304 km2. The accumulated temperature is high in the perimontane regions and the plains of the watershed, the frost-free period is 175 days, and the daily temperature difference is great. In the watershed the annual sunshine durations are 2 599, 2 933 and 3 079 hours in the perimontane regions, plains and deserts respectively; the annual global radiations are 5 188 and 5 439 MJ/m2 in the perimontane regions and plain deserts; and the annual precipitations are 530.1, 187.5 and 144.7 mm in the perimontane regions, plains and deserts respectively. In this paper, the landscape patterns in the Sangong River basin are researched by means of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS). Through processing the TM data with geometry calibration and the combination of computer classification and manual classification, the maps of landscape patterns are charted, and the indexes of diversity, predominance, fragmentation, evenness, etc., are calculated. The analysis on the ecological landscape patterns of land use in the Sangong River watershed reveals that the compound landscape patterns composed of the multiple types of vegetation relying on the matrix of grasslands and the moisture conditions are the typical mountains-oases-deserts ecosystems in the watershed. In the watershed, the fragmentation of the landscapes is low and their diversity is not so high. However, the ecological environment is obviously degenerated in some regions due to the human activities.