陕西省人体舒适度变化及其对气象因子的响应

利用陕西省96个国家气象站多年逐日观测资料,统计分析人体舒适度指数(CIHB),探讨各种环境因素对人体冷热舒适程度的影响,结果表明:①陕西省1981—2016年舒适度和舒适等级日数均成北少南多,并且随海拔的升高而降低的变化特点,其中汉中等9站舒适等级日数多年平均大于200 d,榆林等7站舒适等级日数多年平均小于120 d;②各区域舒适频率呈现明显的单峰分布,陕北7—8月舒适等级频率较高,关中6—8月舒适等级频率较高,陕南6—9月舒适等级频率较高;③全省历年平均CIHB为45. 7,舒适等级日数92. 4 d,CIHB和舒适等级日数均在1998—1999年和2008—2009年出现2次峰值;④气温与舒适度指数的相关性极显著,相关系数高达0. 960 5,平均风速与CHIB显著负相关,气温较高时相对湿度与舒适度指数显著正相关。

Variation of Comfort index of Human Body and Its Response to Meteorological Factors in Shaanxi Province

In this paper, the daily meteorological data (such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) from the meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1981 to 2016 were used. The purposes of the study were to analyze the comfort index of human body (CIHB), dividethe meteorological comfort level, discuss the influence of various environmental factors on the CIHB, and provide the evidences for evaluating the people's living environment and also the technical support for government decision-making. The results show that: ①From 1981 to 2016, the variation trends of the CIHB and comfort days in Shaanxi Province were consistent. The CIHB and comfort days were all less in the north but more in the south, and they decreased with the increase of elevation. They were the highest in the Hanzhong Basin, the average annual comfort days at Hanzhong and other 8 stations were more than 200 days; they were the lowest in north Shaanxi, and the average annual comfort days at Yulin and other 6 stations were less than 120 days; ②The curves of comfort frequency in all the regions were unimodal. The highest frequency of comfort days (84%) in south Shaanxi occurred in June, and that (80%) in north Shaanxi and Guanzhong in July. The frequency of comfort level was high in north Shaanxi from July to August, in Guanzhong from June to August, and in south Shaanxi from June to September. These revealed that the time span and occurrence frequency of comfort level in Shaanxi Province decreased gradually from the south to the north; ③In the past years, the average CIHB of whole Shaanxi Province was 45.7, the average comfort level days was 92.4, and the average frequency was 44.1%. The average CIHB and comfort level days were in an increase trend in the past years, and there were the obvious periodicchanges. Two peak values of CHIB and comfort level days occurred during the periods of 1998-1999 and 2008-2009 respectively; ④There was a significant correlation between the temperature and the CIHB, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.960 5. There was a significantly negative correlation between the relative humidity and the CIHB, but a significantly positive one when the temperature was high. Average wind speed was negatively correlated with CIHB.Generally speaking,the change of CIHB was mainly caused by the change of climatic factors.