石羊河流域绿洲开发与水资源利用

在分析石羊河流域水环境近2000多年变化的基础上,重点探讨了近50年来水资源的变化趋势及对环境的影响.结果表明:自20世纪50～90年代,石羊河流域出山地表水资源减少了15.91%,地下水补给资源减少了42.92%,地下水开采量增大了近10倍,泉水资源衰减了84.3%,进入下游的水资源减少了75%.水资源利用格局的变化直接导致了区域性地下水位持续下降和地下水水质的恶化,产生了植被衰亡、下游绿洲萎缩、土壤盐渍化、土地沙漠化等一系列严重的危及人类生存的环境问题,恶化程度已到了"崩溃"的边缘.

Oasis Development and Water Resources Utilization in the Shiyang River Basin

Based on analyzing the change of aqueous environment in the Shiyang River Basin since recent more than 2000 years, in this paper the change trend of water resources and its impacts on the environment in the drainage basin since recent 50 years are lucubrated. The results reveal that the annual volume of surface water resources out of the debouchure of the Shiyang River has been decreased by 15.91% compared with that during the period from the 1950s to the 1990s, the volumes of groundwater recharge, spring water resources and inflow to the lower reaches have been decreased by 42.92 %, 84.3 % and 75 % respectively, but the volume of pumped groundwater has been increased by 10 times. The change of utilization pattern of water resources results directly in a series of serious environmental problems, such as the continuous drawdown of groundwater level, deterioration of groundwater quality, degeneration of natural vegetation, reduction of the area of oasis in the lower reaches, soil salinization and land desertification. Therefore, some measures are put forward for optimizing water resources utilization and regenerating the natural vegetation in the drainage basin, especially in Minqin Oasis.