西安空气质量时空变化特征分析

以1990-2001年西安市空气污染物的监测数据和西安统计年鉴资料为依据,对其平均浓度的时空变化特征进行分析.结果表明: 西安市空气总体污染较为严重,通过科学的管理和技术的改进,近年来空气中污染物浓度呈明显下降趋势.西安市空气污染物的时空变化特征比较明显,月变化曲线呈"U"字型, 且冬春季节重于夏秋季节,这主要是由冬季取暖和不利气象条件造成的.1,2,11,12月西安空气污染较为严重,6～9月空气污染物浓度较低,与月平均气温变化具有较好的反相关性.1996年以来,西安空气污染物呈现明显的空间转化特征, 工业区污染物浓度大幅度下降,商业区和居住文教区的污染反而高于工业区,这反应了近年来产业结构调整、能源结构改变和区域发展速度的差异,应引起环保部门的重视.

Analysis on Spatiotemporal Change of Air Quality over Xi'an City

According to the monitored data of air pollutants over Xi'an City during the period from 1990 to 2001,in this paper the spatiotemporal change of air pollutant concentrations over the city is analyzed.The results show that the air pollution over Xi'an is serious,the air quality,however,is significantly improved through the scientific management and technical improvement in recent years.Spatial change of air pollutants over Xi'an City is obvious;the curves of monthly change of air pollutants are U-shaped,air pollution in winter and spring is more serious than that in summer and autumn due to heating in winter from November to February and disadvantageous meteorological conditions;the concentration of air pollutants is low during the period from June to September,and there is a good inverse correlation between the changes of air pollution and monthly temperature.A spatial shift of air pollutants over Xi'an has occurred since 1996,the concentration of air pollutants over the industrial districts has sharply decreased,but air pollution over the business districts,residential zones and cultural and educational districts is higher than that over the industrial districts,and such situation reveals that there are some differences in industrial structural readjustment,energy structural change and regional development speed,these differences should be paid more attention to by environmental protection departments.