块茎类植物酯酶对有机磷农药残留的检测

采用酶抑制法,选用五种块茎土豆、红薯、茨菇、芋头、莲藕提取植物酯酶,测定了总酯酶活力和比活力大小,结果显示土豆、茨菇、莲藕的酯酶活力分别高达8.462 3、8.743 7、7.491 0,显著高于其他几种。探索其检测有机磷农药的最佳条件,对5种有机磷农药进行了敏感性试验,并测定3种植物酯酶对这5种有机磷农药的最低检测限(LOD)。3种植物酯酶对受试的5种有机磷农药均有良好的敏感性,且最低检测限远低于国家规定的最大残留限量(MRL)。因此,这几种酶可作为有机磷农药残留检测用酶。

Study on Tuber Plant Esterase in Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues

Through the application of the enzyme inhibition mechanism to the enzymatic analysis, five tuber plants （ Solanum tuberosum, lpomoea batatasM, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Colocasia esculenta （L.） Schoot, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn） were used to select botanical esterase suitable for the detection of pesticide residues by comparing the general and specific activities of the phytoesterase. The results showed that the general esterase activities in tuber plants Solanum tuberosum, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn were 8.4623, 8.7437, and 7.4910, respectively, and the optimal operation condition were searched in the detection. The sensitivity and the limit of detection （LOD） of phytoesterase to organophosphate pesticides were also studied. The results showed that 3 types of phytoesterase were not only very sensitive to organophosphate pesticides but also their LOD were much less than the maximum residue limits （MRL） of the provision of the nation specified. So, we concluded that phytoesterase obtained from 3 tuber plants could be used for the rapid detection of pesticide residues.