青海省小麦种质资源对大麦黄矮病毒的抗性鉴定

为明确青海省不同小麦种质资源对大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus,BYDV)的抗性差异,于2014—2015年采用堆测法人工接种鉴定了178份种质资源的抗病性。结果显示,不同小麦种质资源对黄矮病的抗性存在较大差异,甘A100、川766、陕1059、兰麦-2的病情指数依次为14.83、23.60、23.99和24.66,表现出较好的抗病性;病情指数在50.00以上的高感品种有69份,包括尕老汉、白板麦、兴热密穗等,其中白板麦病情指数高达72.35,高于感病对照阿勃;其余种质资源病情指数在25.00~50.00之间,表现为感病;甘A101、甘A99、藏515、藏519、木汉麦、群科大白麦、拉胎板麦、小红麦-2和朗县折达25初期表现感病,后期恢复健康,有一定的耐病性;抗病性不同的种质资源感染BYDV后,对小麦产量的影响差异很大,抗病对照中4产量损失8.96%,耐病品种产量损失在13.64%~19.74%之间,高病品种尕老汉产量损失达41.91%,表明小麦种质资源中抗BYDV的品种极少。

Evaluation of wheat germplasm resource resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus of Qinghai Province

To evaluate the resistance of wheat against Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), 178 wheat germplasm resources were artificially inoculated with viruliferous wheat aphid by usinig hill plot technique on the fields in 2014-2015. The results showed that BYDV resistance varied significantly among 178 wheat germplasm resources. The resistances against to BYDV of Gan A100, Chuan 766, Shan 1059 and Lanmai-2 were better than other varieties, and disease indexes were 14.83, 23.60, 23.99 and 24.66, respectively. In contrast, there were 69 highly susceptible germplasm resources with more than 50.00 disease index, including Galaohan, Baibanmai, Xingremisui and so on, and the disease index of Baibanmai was the highest with the disease index of 72.35, which was higher than the contrast. The other germplasm resources were susceptible to BYDV, of which disease indexes ranged from 25.00 to 50.00. The symptoms of nine cultivars, Gan A101, Gan A99, Zang 515, Zang 519, Muhanmai, Qunkedabaimai, Lataibanmai, Xiaohongmai-2 and Langxianzheda 2, could be alleviated or disappeared at grain-filling stage. Significant difference was found in the yield losses among different wheat varieties infected by BYDV. The yield loss of the resistant variety Zhong 4 was 8.96%, and that of the tolerant varieties were 13.64%-19.74%, while the yield loss of highly susceptible variety Galaohan was 41.91%. The results indicated that there were a few tested germplasm resources to BYDV.