东省不同地区玉米内生真菌的群落组成和多样性分析

为探究山东省玉米内生真菌的资源分布、群落组成及多样性，采用叶片组织分离法对山东省52个市县的玉米内生真菌进行分离纯化，通过内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）序列分析技术进行内生真菌的种属鉴定，并分析内生真菌的群落组成和多样性。结果表明，共分离到857株内生真菌，隶属25个属，其中链格孢属Alternaria的菌株数量最多，为583株，占总菌株数的68.03%，其次为镰刀菌属Fusarium有71株，占总菌株数的8.28%；大部分地区的优势属为链格孢属，少数地区的优势属为镰刀菌属、炭疽菌属Colletotrichum和弯孢属Curvularia。不同地区的内生真菌定殖率变化很大，在12.50%~100.00%之间，平均定殖率为76.15%；陵城的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高，分别为1.74和0.97；莱芜的丰富度指数最高为2.22。山东省玉米内生真菌可以分为5个类群，其中黄河流域地区内生真菌定殖率相对较高。表明山东省玉米内生真菌种类丰富，不同地区间多样性水平存在差异。

Analysis of community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi in corn from different areas of Shandong Province

To determine the distribution, community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in corn plants in Shandong Province, corn leaves were collected from 52 regions in Shandong Province. The endophytic fungi were isolated and purified using the separation method of leaf tissue. The community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi were analyzed with internal transcribed spacer technique. The results showed that 857 strains in 25 genera were obtained. Among them, Alternaria was the most abundant with 583 strains, accounting for 68.03% of total strains, followed by Fusarium with 71 strains, accounting for 8.28% of total strains. Alternaria was dominant genus of endophytic fungi in most regions of Shandong Province, while Fusarium, Colletotrichum and Curvularia were dominant genus of endophytic fungi in several regions. There were significant differences in different areas of the colonization rate, the colonization rate of endophytic fungi varied from 12.50% to 100.00% and the average colonization rate was 76.15%. Diversity index and evenness index were the highest with values of 1.74 and 0.97 in Lingcheng. The Margalef''s index was the highest with value of 2.22 in Laiwu. Cluster analysis showed that the 52 geographic area could be classified into five groups, and the yellow river basin area had a higer colonization rate. The results indicated that the endophytic fungi from corn plants are abundant in Shandong Province and there were significant difference in the diversity in different regions.