露地栽培番茄斑萎病毒病发生流行规律调查及TSWV重要寄主植物监测

为明确云南省昆明市露地栽培条件下番茄斑萎病毒病的发生流行特征,于2014—2015年采用病害系统调查法结合病毒ELISA及RT-PCR检测方法研究露地栽培条件下由番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)引起的病毒病发生规律及其重要寄主种类,并研究利用防虫网隔离蓟马对番茄斑萎病毒病的防控效果。结果表明:番茄斑萎病毒病在露地番茄主要种植期3—10月普遍发生,番茄苗期和移栽初期是该病毒病防控的关键期,带毒种苗调运是该病毒病的主要传播途径;田间多种茄科和菊科植物是TSWV的重要中间寄主。在田间,菊科寄主植物油麦菜、莴苣、鬼针草、牛膝菊上TSWV的检出率均较高,在42.53%～81.63%之间;茄科寄主植物中辣椒上TSWV的检出率最高,为41.99%,其次为马铃薯,TSWV检出率为27.78%,在番茄上TSWV的检出率为19.02%,因此生产中应对这些TSWV重要中间寄主给予更多关注和防控。应用防虫网能有效隔离蓟马,使番茄斑萎病毒病发病率和病情指数较对照分别降低了6.44个百分点和5.31,可有效降低番茄苗期及定植期斑萎病毒病的发生。

Regularity of occurrence and epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus disease on open field in cultivation and screening of field hosts of TSWV

To characterize the occurrence and epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) disease on open field conditions, the incidence of TSWV in tomato plants and other field hosts were studied in Kunming, Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2016, by using ELISA and RT-PCR methods. And the insect-proof screens was used to reduce thrips for control TSWV diseases. The results showed that frequent occurrence of TSWV diseases during March to October growing season on open filed of tomato plants and the infected tomato seedlings at the early stages after transplanting as the primary infection source. The key stages of TSWV diseases control were the seedling stage and the early stages after transplanting. Other important field hosts include Compositae and Solanaceae plants. High frequencies of TSWV occurrence were observed in Compositae plants, i.e. Lactuca sativa, L. sativa var. angustana, Bidens bipinnata, Galinsoga parviflora, infected rates from 42.53% to 81.63%, followed by Solanaceae plants, Capsicum annuum had the highest infected rate of 41.99%, and Solanum tuberosum had the infected rate at 27.78% and the infected rate of Solanum lycopersicum was 19.02%. Insect-proof screens could effectively control thrips in the greenhouse, thereby decreasing the infected rate with 6.44 percentage point and the disease index of TSWV diseases with 5.31 compared to check plot.