小麦禾谷孢囊线虫生防真菌的筛选与鉴定

禾谷孢囊线虫病是我国黄淮流域小麦主产区的重要病害,为寻找小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病的生防菌株,采用组织分离法对河南各地小麦孢囊线虫孢囊上的寄生真菌进行分离,共获得42株分离物,并进行盆栽防治效果测定.结果显示,F03,F04,F08,F1I,F13,F15,F20,F25,F26,F33和F37等11个菌株对小麦禾谷孢囊线虫具有较好的防治效果,平均防治效果均在50%以上.2008-2009年在河南许昌县的大田防治试验结果表明,F04,F08,F20,F26和F37等5个菌株表现出较好的防病作用,灌浆期平均防治效果均达到35%以上.通过形态学和rDNA-ITS PCR分子鉴定,这些菌株分别属于毛壳菌Chaetomium sp.、茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani、草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum,茄匍栖霉属stemphylium sonali和层出镰刀菌Fusarium proliferatum.

Isolation and identification of fungal parasites of cyst nematodes in Heterodera avenae group

Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) in the Heterodera avenae group are recognised as the important pest of wheat in Huanghuai area. So far, there is no effective control method for CCN in this area. In order to seek for the biocontrol agents for CCN, 42 parasitic fungi were isolated from CCN cysts from different locations in Henan. The biocontrol potential of these isolates was evaluated in pots and in the field (Xuchang, 2008-2009). Eleven isolates (F03, F04, F08, F11, F13, F15, F20, F25, F26, F33, and F37) provided good control of CCN in pots, with average control efficacy more than 50% (based on disease index value). Five isolates provided good control in the field with control efficacy of over 35%. Based on morphology and rDNA-ITS PCR sequence analyses, five isolates (F04, F08, F20, F26, and F37) can be identified as Chaetomium sp., Fusarium solani, Penicillium oxalicum, Stemphylium solani, and F.proliferatum, respectively.