多旋翼植保无人机喷施新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的飘移风险

为明确植保无人机喷施新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标生物蜜蜂的飘移风险，在田间试验场景下，比较分析多旋翼植保无人机和背负式电动喷雾器喷施新烟碱类杀虫剂时的雾滴飘移量及对蜜蜂的影响。结果表明：应用背负式电动喷雾器和多旋翼植保无人机进行施药作业时，距离施药区下风向5 m处的雾滴飘移率分别为0.50%和23.98%；而多旋翼植保无人机施药时，即使距离施药区下风向17 m处的雾滴飘移率仍高达2.79%，且多旋翼植保无人机施药时的飘移总量显著高于背负式电动喷雾器。喷施新烟碱类杀虫剂时，应用背负式电动喷雾器作业时距离下风向5 m处的蜜蜂在施药后1 d内的死亡数量为75头，分别是距离下风向17 m处和对照组的2.4倍和1.8倍，施药后2~8 d内蜜蜂的死亡数量与对照组无明显差异；应用多旋翼植保无人机作业时距离下风向5 m处的蜜蜂在施药后1 d内的死亡数量为4 721头，分别是距离下风向17 m、29 m处和对照组的3.0倍、6.1倍和112.4倍，施药后2~8 d内蜜蜂的死亡数量明显降低，但距离施药区较近的蜜蜂其死亡数量明显高于对照组，表明多旋翼植保无人机喷施新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂存在较高的飘移风险。

The spray drift risk of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying neonicotinoid pesticides to honey bees

In order to clarify the drift risk of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying neonicotinoid insecticides to honey bees, the amount of droplet drift of insecticides and the mortality of bees were compared between multi-rotor plant protection UAVs and knapsack electric sprayers. The results showed that the droplet drift rates at 5 m downwind were 0.50% and 23.98%, respectively, when the knapsack electric sprayer and the multi-rotor plant protection UAV were used for pesticide application under a field test scenario. Meanwhile, the droplet drift rate at 17 m was still as high as 2.79%, when the multi-rotor plant protection UAV was applied. The total drift of the multi-rotor plant protection UAV was significantly higher than that of the knapsack electric sprayer during pesticide application. When the neonicotinoid insecticide was applied by plant protection UAV and knapsack sprayer, the number of bee deaths 5 m away from the spray area of the knapsack electric sprayer was 75 in one day after the treatment, which was 2.4 times and 1.8 times that at 17 m and in the control group. The number of bee deaths within 2-8 days after the treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group; the number of bee deaths 5 m away from the spray area of the plant protection UAV was 4 721, which were 3.0 times, 6.1 times and 112.4 times that at 17 m, 29 m and in the control group, respectively. The number of bee deaths within 2-8 days after the treatment was obviously reduced; however, the number of deaths of bee colonies closer to the spray area was still obviously higher than that of the control group. The results indicated that the multi-rotor plant protection UAV had a higher spray drift risk when applying neonicotinoid insecticides.