1-脱氧野尻霉素对美国白蛾生长发育和解毒酶活性的影响

为揭示美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea对含1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxynojirimycin，DNJ）寄主植物的适应机制，用含不同浓度DNJ的人工饲料饲喂美国白蛾幼虫，测定饲喂后美国白蛾幼虫的死亡率、生长发育指标、营养效应指标和体内解毒酶活性。结果表明，浓度0.125%~2.000% DNJ处理6 d后，美国白蛾5龄幼虫死亡率显著高于对照，最高达52.50%。DNJ对美国白蛾的亚致死浓度LC₂₅和半致死浓度LC₅₀分别为0.41%和1.80%。0.5% DNJ处理后美国白蛾幼虫总发育历期延长20.75%，幼虫总存活率、化蛹率、雄雌比和单雌产卵量均显著低于对照。浓度0.125%~2.000% DNJ处理后美国白蛾幼虫相对取食量较对照显著升高，而食物转化率、食物利用率和相对生长率却低于对照，且随着DNJ浓度升高均逐渐降低。DNJ能诱导美国白蛾5龄幼虫中肠内细胞色素P450酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白3种解毒酶的活性，但每种酶的诱导模式不同。表明美国白蛾幼虫可能通过调节食物利用策略和激活解毒代谢等途径对一定浓度的DNJ产生生理适应。

Effects of 1-deoxynojirimycin on the growth and development and detoxification enzyme activities in fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

In order to reveal the adaptation mechanism of fall webworm Hyphantria cunea to host plants containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), the larvae of H. cunea were fed with artificial diets containing different concentrations of DNJ to determine the mortality, growth and development indices, nutritional efficiency indices and detoxification enzyme activities of H. cunea larvae in this study. The results showed that the mortality rate of the 5th instar larvae of H. cunea treated with DNJ was significantly higher than that of the control and the highest reaching 52.50% (2.0%) after six days. The sublethal concentration (LC₂₅) and median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) were 0.41% and 1.80% after treatment for six days, respectively. The whole developmental duration of H. cunea larvae was prolonged by 20.75%, and the total survival rate, pupation rate, sex ratio and single female oviposition were significantly decreased with 0.5% DNJ treatment. The relative consumption rate of the H. cunea larvae treated with DNJ was significantly increased, while the conversation efficiency of digested food, conversation efficiency of ingested food and relative growth rate were lower than those of the control group, and all of them gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of DNJ. The activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferases and ATP-binding cassette transporters in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae of H. cunea were induced by DNJ, although the induction patterns of each enzyme were different. These results indicated that H. cunea larvae might have developed a physiological adaptation to the toxicity of some concentrations of DNJ by regulating food utilization strategies and activating detoxification metabolism.