北京地区花生病毒病及流行规律研究

1985—1987年研究表明北京地区花生上流行的病害主要有黄瓜花叶病毒CA株系(CMV-CA)引起的黄花叶病害和花生轻斑驳病毒(PMMV)引起的轻斑驳病害。血清鉴定451份花生病害样品,黄花叶病害样品受CMV-CA侵染占95.7％,轻斑驳病害样品受PMMV侵染占91.3％,中后期病害样品受CMV-CA和PMMV复合感染较普遍。CMV种传率2％左右,种传病苗在花生出苗后开始出现,6月病害进入高峰。三年CMV-CA流行程度明显不同,主要取决于苗期蚜虫发生早晚、发生量及苗期降雨量。PMMV种传率低于1％,病苗出现稍晚,但病害扩散快,6月上旬进入高峰,7月上、中旬发病率达100％。三年流行程度差异不明显。

OCCURRENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEANUT VIRUS DISEASES IN BEIJING AREA

Studies in 1985-1987 showed that cucumber mosaic virus CA strain (CMV-CA)and peanut mild mottle virus (PMMV) were two major viruses epidemic on peanuts in Beijing area.Average incidence of peanut yellow mosaic disease caused by CMV-CA was 74% and 94% in 1985 and 1986,respectively,and caused serious yield losses of peanut.CMV was serologically detected for 96.1% in 323 yellow mosaic diseased samples and PMMV for 91.3% in 127 mild mottle diseased samples.Mixed infection by CMV and PMMV was common.CMV and PMMV seed transmissions were about 2% and less than one percent,respectively.Yellow mosaic disease was found soon after emergence of peanuts and formed a peak of the disease spread in June in 1985 and 1986,but was slight epidemic in 1987.The epidemic level of the disease depended on the time of aphid into peanut fields,the population and activity of aphid and rainfall during the seedling stage of peanut.Mild mottle disease spread much fast,forming a spread peak up to 100% by the early and middle of July in recent three years.