河北省冬小麦田杂草群落特征

为了明确河北省冬小麦田杂草的群落组成和结构,采用倒置"W"取样法对河北省7个地区146块冬小麦田的杂草进行了调查和物种多样性测度。结果显示,河北省冬小麦田有61种杂草,隶属于21科53属,播娘蒿、打碗花、荠菜、麦瓶草和麦家公是河北省冬小麦田的优势杂草。保定地区麦田杂草群落的物种丰富度最大;沧州地区麦田杂草群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最大;廊坊地区麦田杂草群落的Gleason指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最小,优势草种比较突出。经聚类分析和主成分分析,河北省冬小麦田杂草群落分为3组:石家庄、保定、邢台和廊坊的麦田杂草群落中耐旱杂草的相对多度较高;沧州和衡水的麦田杂草群落中耐盐杂草的相对多度较高;邯郸的麦田杂草群落中喜湿杂草的相对多度较高。说明土壤的盐度和湿度是影响河北省冬小麦田杂草群落组成的主要生态因子。

Characterization of weed community in winter wheat in Hebei Province

In order to understand the weed composition and characterization in winter wheat in Hebei Province, the weeds of 146 winter wheat fields was investigated using the method of inverted W-pattern with 9 sampling points. The results showed that 61 weed species belonged to 53 genera of 21 families, with Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur, Calystegia hederacea Wall.Ex Roxb, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, Silene conoidea L. and Lithospermum arvense L. as dominate species in Hebei Province. Weeds in Baoding wheat fields possessed highest species richness and Gleason index, while highest Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index appeared in Cangzhou wheat fields. Weeds in Langfang wheat fields had lowest species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index, but highest Simpson index. Q cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that weeds in Hebei Province were in 3 groups: abundant drought tolerant weed species in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Xingtai and Langfang, Cangzhou and Hengshui with more saline tolerant or hygrophilous species, and Handan with more hygrophilous species. These results indicated that salinity and moisture of soil were the main ecological factors to affect the characterization of weed communities in winter wheat fields in Hebei Province.