我国北方葡萄根癌病的发生规律及药剂防治

葡萄根癌病在我国北方地区发生分布广泛,部份葡萄园发病严重,感病品种病株率高达100％。葡萄的根、根颈、枝蔓均能发病,以根颈部冠瘿瘤最多。在受冷伤害严重的葡萄园,枝蔓上发病也重,且成为植株死亡的主要原因。在内蒙古包头市一带,5月下旬发病,6月中旬至8月为发病盛期,9月下旬停止发病。温度、湿度及降水与病害关系密切,葡萄受霜冻和冬季低温的影响,增加了病菌新的侵染点,加快病害的发生发展。葡萄品种抗病性差异显著,玫瑰香、巨峰等高度感病,罗也尔玫瑰、康拜尔、贝达等抗病性强。室内药效测定和田间防治试验,抗菌剂401、402,福美砷和石硫合剂渣子等抑菌力强,并有较好的防治效果。

THE INCIDENCE OF CROWN GALL DISEASE OF GRAPEVINE IN CHINA AND ITS CHEMICAL CONTROL

In 1982-1984,a survey of the distribution and incidence of crown gall disease of grapevineAgrobacterium tumefaciens(Smith and Town.) Conn] was made in North China. In some vineyards, 100% infection was observed on susceptible cultivars resulting in heavy damage. The root system, crown, trunk or cane of the grapevine were affected, but galls on trunk were most common. In vineyards at Baotou, Nei Mongol, the disease showed up in late May and developed rapidly from late June to August, and ceased to develop in September. The development of the disease seemed to be dependent on temperature, relative humidity and rainfall during the growing season of the grapevine. The canes suffering from frost or low temperature injury in early winter were more predisposed to infection and hence showed a high incidence of the disease. Grapevine cultivars differed in susceptibility to crown gall and it was observed that the cultivars Muscat Hamburg, Jufen were highly susceptible, while Royal Rose, Campbell Early, and Beta were moderately or highly resistant.In laboratory tests and field control experiments it was observed that some common fungicides such as 401,402, ascomate and lime sulfur were bacteriostatic to the causal bacterium and gave good control of the disease in vineyards.