苹果锈果类病毒在八棱海棠种子中的分布及氢氧化钠脱毒效果分析

为明确苹果锈果类病毒在八棱海棠果实和种子中的分布特征、种传率以及药剂脱除效果，以带毒母株上的八棱海棠果实和种子为试材，运用RT-PCR技术分析了八棱海棠果实不同部位锈果类病毒的带毒率、实生后代的带毒情况以及氢氧化钠脱除病毒的效果。结果表明，八棱海棠果皮、果肉、种子以及种胚均不同程度携带苹果锈果类病毒，其带毒率分别为96.0%、96.0%、52.0%和4.0%；该病毒可经种子传递给后代，种传率为12.1%；经2%氢氧化钠溶液浸种10、15、20 min，种子的病毒检出率均为0，但后代实生苗的带毒率分别为2.5%、1.3%和0。表明苹果锈果类病毒可侵染种子不同部位并经种子传递给后代，氢氧化钠浸种是脱除该病毒的有效方法。

Distribution of apple skin scar viroid in seeds of Malus robusta Rehd. and viroid elimination by NaOH treatment

To determine the distribution of apple skin scar viroid (ASSVd) in fruits and seeds of Malus robusta Rehd., the percentage of seed transmission and the effect of 2% NaOH on the virus elimination, the RT-PCR system were used to detect ASSVd in the fruits, seeds and seedlings of M.robusta. The results showed that the peel, flesh, seed and seed embryo were infected by ASSVd, and the infection rates were 96.0%, 96.0%, 52.0% and 4.0%, respectively. The percentage of seed transmission was 12.1%. ASSVd in seeds soaked in 2% NaOH solution for 10, 15 and 20 min was effectively eliminated and the infection rates of the seedlings were 2.5%, 1.3% and 0, respectively. The research confirmed that ASSVd could infect different parts of the seeds of M.robusta and spread to the next generation. Soaking the seeds in the solution of 2% NaOH for 20 min could be an effective method for removing the viroid.