昆虫内共生菌-昆虫-植物互作关系研究进展

在长期的协同进化过程中,昆虫与其体内的共生菌建立了密切的互利共生关系。昆虫内共生菌不仅能调控宿主昆虫的营养代谢和生殖代谢,还能协助昆虫抵御生物、非生物胁迫,提高昆虫对化学农药的抗性及对寄主植物的适应性等。因此,内共生菌是宿主昆虫生长发育及适应性的重要调控因子。目前,随着组学技术的不断发展,内共生菌在宿主昆虫和寄主植物中的原位功能不断被挖掘,通过对内共生菌-昆虫-植物互作模型的研究,将进一步揭示昆虫内共生菌与昆虫、植物的互作机理,加深对昆虫适应性机制的理解并推进新型害虫防控和靶标技术的研发。本文就昆虫内共生菌的起源、特点、分布和传递,昆虫内共生菌在昆虫-植物-环境互作中的作用,以及昆虫内共生菌研究的方法和新技术等方面进行了综述,并对未来昆虫内共生菌介导的防御效应及昆虫适应性机理等热点问题进行了展望。

Research progress in the interactions among the plants, insects and endosymbionts

With the long-term co-evolutionary process, insects and their endosymbionts established a close mutualistic relationship. The resident endosymbionts could facilitate their host to regulate nutrition and reproductive metabolism, defense the pressure from biotic and abiotic factors, and enhance their insecticide resistance and adaptation to plants. Thus, the endosymbionts are the essential regulator of insect development and adaptation. At present, with the development of "-omics" technology, some in-situ function of symbionts between host insects and plants have been excavated gradually. The interaction model study of endosymbiont-insect-plant will further reveal the mutualistic mechanisms between symbionts, insects and plants. It not only deepens our understanding of insect adaptive mechanism but also promotes new control methods and target technology against insect pests. A review was given on the characters, distribution and transmission, function of symbionts and related new methods and techniques. Finally, a comprehensive summary of the research and future research directions including anti-host plant resistance and insect adaptability mechanism were made.