四种喷雾助剂对嘧菌酯在玉米叶片上耐雨水冲刷能力及其对玉米安全性的影响

在室内模拟雨水冲刷条件下，分别通过荧光显微镜法和高效液相色谱法探究了添加4种自制喷雾助剂AY904-1 (含有40%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚)、AY904-2 (含有30%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚)、AY904-3 (含有20%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚) 和AY904-4 (含有10%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚) 对提高嘧菌酯在玉米叶片表面耐雨水冲刷效果的影响，并测定了喷雾助剂对嘧菌酯药液物理性状及其玉米安全性的影响。结果表明:在室内模拟冲刷试验中，两种检测方法所测结果具有良好的相关性；在嘧菌酯中添加质量分数为0.1%~1.0%的AY904-1和AY904-2以及添加质量分数为0.5%~1.0%的AY904-3和AY904-4均可显著提高嘧菌酯在玉米叶片上的持留量，且助剂的添加量越大，耐冲刷效果越好，其中以AY904-1的效果最好。在嘧菌酯药液中添加4种喷雾助剂，均能降低药液在玉米叶片表面的接触角，但与嘧菌酯药剂对照相比无显著差异。AY904-1和AY904-2的干燥薄膜在水中溶胀度较低，成膜性能较好。将4种喷雾助剂与氯虫苯甲酰胺药液桶混后喷雾，发现其对3个品种玉米均有很高的安全性。

Effects of four spray adjuvants on the rainfastness of azoxystrobin on maize leaf surfaces and their effect on maize safety

The effects of four spray adjuvants(AY904-1,containing 40% P(VAc-co-AA) and 10% isomeric alcohol ethoxylates; AY904-2, containing 30% P(VAc-co-MA) and 10% isomeric alcohol ethoxylates; AY904-3, containing 20% P(VAc-co-EA) and 10% isomeric alcohol ethoxylates; AY904-4, containing 10% P(VAc-co-BA) and 10% isomeric alcohol ethoxylates) on rainfastness of azoxystrobin on the leaf surfaces of maize were studied under lab-washing conditions. Fluorescence microscopy and HPLC were used to detect the change of fluorescence coverage and the content of azoxystrobin dry deposits on the leaves of maize before and after washing. Besides the physical characteristics of tank-mixed solution and the swelling of solution cast adjuvant films in different temperature were studied. The safety issues of spray adjuvants mixed with 200 g/L chlorantranilone SC 3 000 times to maize was also studied under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the addition of the above mentioned four spray adjuvants could increase the retention of azoxystrobin on maize leaves in different levels, and the results obtained using Fluorescence microscopy and HPLC had a good correlation. The treatments of AY904-1 and AY904-2 at mass fraction from 0.1% to 1.0% and the treatments of AY904-3 and AY904-4 at mass fraction from 0.5% to 1.0% significantly improved the retention of the azoxystrobin on the maize leaves. Higher concentration of adjuvants resulted in better resistance to erosion. Among all the adjuvants, AY904-1 afforded the best performance. Compared with blank control, all those spray adjuvants could shorten the liquid drying time and reduce the contact angle on the corn leaf surface. However, there was no significant difference compared with the azoxystrobin control. The films of AY904-1 and AY904-2 have lower degree of swelling in water and better film-forming properties. In addition, all of the adjuvants are safe to three varieties of maize.