中国粗榧枝叶提取物分离及其对反枝苋的除草活性

以对杂草反枝苋种子萌发及根、茎生长的抑制作用为指标,提取、分离、鉴定了中国粗榧Cephalotaxus sinensis Li.枝叶中的除草活性成分。中国粗榧枝叶乙醇提取物的酸水溶液用苯萃取,萃余相碱化并用氯仿萃取得总生物碱。以硅胶及氧化铝柱层析从中国粗榧总生物碱中分离出了3个生物碱类化合物 H1、H2和H3 ,其结构依次鉴定为桥氧三尖杉碱、三尖杉碱及11-羟基三尖杉 碱。在1.00 mg/mL的供试浓度下, H1 对反枝苋种子根、茎生长的抑制率分别为86.1％和82.4％, H3 对反枝苋种子根、茎生长的抑制率分别为84.2％和77.1％, H2 除草作用较弱。测定结果表明,萃取所得总生物碱为中国粗榧的主要活性成分。

Herbicidal Activity of Twig and Needle Extracts from Cephalotaxus sinensis against Amaranthus retroflexus

Herbicidal components of Cephalotaxus sinensis against Amaranthus retroflexus were isolated by bioassay-guided separation.The main active components were alkaloids in chloroform partition(derived) from the ethanol extract.Drupacine,cephalotaxine and 11-hydroxycephalotaxine were isolated from the chloroform partition first by silica gel column chromatography(CC) and then by aluminum oxide CC respectively,and(identified) by IR,MS,()~1H NMR.The herbicidal activity of drupacine and 11-hydroxycephalotaxine were much higher than cephalotaxine.The inhibitory rates of drupacine and 11-hydroxycephalotaxine to the growth of root and stem of Amaranthus retroflexus were nearly or more than 80% at 1 mg/mL(concentration).