番茄叶霉病菌异菌脲抗药性突变体的诱导与生物学性状

测定了苯并咪唑类杀菌剂敏感-乙霉威抗性(BenS-DieR)、苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗性-乙霉威敏感(BenR-DieS)和苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗性-乙霉威抗性(BenR-DieR)3种类型的番茄叶霉病菌Cladosporium fulvum菌株对不同类型药剂的敏感性。结果表明,蕃茄叶霉病菌对供试药剂的敏感性与其对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂及乙霉威的敏感性无关。根据药剂对3类菌株EC50值的平均值, 16种杀菌剂抑制菌丝生长的活性依次为腐霉利＞乙烯菌核利＞异菌脲＞戊唑醇＞百菌清＞嘧霉胺＞醚菌酯＞代森锰锌＞8-羟基喹啉铜＞丙环唑＞苯醚甲环唑＞嘧菌酯＞灭锈胺＞烯酰吗啉＞烟酰胺＞三唑酮;抑制孢子萌发的活性依次为醚菌酯＞腐霉利＞百菌清＞乙烯菌核利＞灭锈胺＞8-羟基喹啉铜＞异菌脲＞代森锰锌＞嘧菌酯＞烟酰胺＞嘧霉胺＞戊唑醇＞丙环唑＞苯醚甲环唑＞三唑酮＞烯酰吗啉。通过紫外诱变共获得17株抗异菌脲突变体,突变频率为4.5×10-7。其中低抗、中抗和高抗菌株分别占 17.65%、70.59%和11.75%。这些突变体对腐霉利和乙烯菌核利表现交互抗性,对苯并咪唑类、脱甲基抑制剂(DMIs)、QoIs等药剂的敏感性与亲本菌株之间没有显著性差异,与亲本菌株在生长、产孢、致病能力等方面也无显著差异,但对渗透胁迫的敏感性要显著高于亲本。

Induction and Characterization of Iprodione-resistant Mutantsof Cladosporium fulvum

Sensitivity of three phenotypes of Cladosporium fulvum isolates,namely benzimidazole sensitive-diethofencarb resistant (BenS-DieR),benzimidazole resistant-diethofencarb sensitive(BenR-DieS)and benzimidazole resistant-diethofencarb resistant(BenR-DieR),to different classes of fungicides was determined.The results showed that there was no relationship between the sensitivity of C. fulvum to benzimidazole,diethofencarb and to other fungicides. Activity of mycelial growth inhibition of the 16 fungicides against C.fulvum was procymidone＞vinclozolin＞iprodione＞tebuconazole＞chlorothalonil＞ pyrimethanil＞kresoxim-methyl＞mancozeb＞8-hydroxyquinoline copper (Ⅱ) salt＞propiconazol＞ difenoconazole＞azoxystrobin＞mepronil＞dimethomorph＞boscalid＞triadimefon.Activity of spore germination inhibition was kresoxim-methyl＞procymidone＞chlorothalonil＞vinclozolin＞mepronil＞8-hydroxyquinoline copper (Ⅱ) salt＞iprodione＞mancozeb＞azoxystrobin＞boscalid＞pyrimethanil＞tebuconazole＞propiconazol＞difenoconazole＞triadimefon＞dimethomorph. A total of 17 iprodione-resistant mutants was isolated through UV irradiation with a mutation frequency of 4.5×10-7. Among them,the percentage of low level resistant mutants,moderate level resistant mutants,and high level resistant mutants was 17.65%,70.59% and 11.75%,respectively. All mutants showed cross-resistance to procymidone and vinclozolin. No significant difference in sensitivity was detected between these mutants and their parent to other fungicides such as benzimidazoles,DMIs and QoIs. There was no significant difference in growth,sporulation and pathogenicity between mutants and their parent too. However,these mutants were more sensitivity to osmotic stress than their parent.