甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂对斑痣悬茧蜂的毒性

为明确甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、肟菌酯)和三唑类(粉唑醇、腈菌唑、戊唑醇、己唑醇及戊菌唑)杀菌剂对寄生性天敌斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis的毒性风险,在室内分别采用药膜法和摄入法测定了上述8种杀菌剂对斑痣悬茧蜂存活的影响。结果表明,处理方法对结果有明显影响。在药膜法处理中,肟菌酯表现出最高的触杀毒性,其致死中时间(LT50值)为1.18d;戊菌唑次之,其LT50值为1.98d;粉唑醇的毒性最低,LT50值长达52.58d。在摄入法处理中,供试杀菌剂的LT50值均大于15d。除粉唑醇药膜处理和己唑醇摄入处理外,其余处理斑痣悬茧蜂的寿命均显著缩短。因此,在实际生产中应关注甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂,尤其是肟菌酯和戊菌唑对斑痣悬茧蜂等寄生蜂天敌的安全性。

Preliminary study on the toxicity of the strobilurin and triazole fungicides to Meteorus pulchricornis

To clarify the side effects of the strobilurin and triazole fungicides on the adult female Meteorus pulchricornis, the impact on the survivorship of M. pulchricornis when exposed to eight fungicides was assessed using the dry film residue and oral ingestion method under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the methods used had significant influence on the survival of M. pulchricornis. Among the contact tests, trifloxystrobin had the highest toxicity with the LT₅₀ of 1.18 d. The second most toxic fungicide is penconazole with the LT₅₀ of 1.98 d, while flutriafol showed the lowest toxicity with the LT₅₀ up to 52.58 d. Among the ingestion experiments of the two classes of fungicides, the LT₅₀ for the 8 fungicides were all greater than 15 d. Meanwhile, significantly negative effect on the life span of M. pulchricornis was observed except when it was exposed to flutriafol by contact tests and exposed to hexaconazole by ingestion tests. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the safety of strobilurin and triazole fungicides and especially, the impact of trifloxystrobin and penconazole on parasitoids such as M. pulchricornis in practices.