棉籽壳中除草活性物质提取及鉴定

为了开发利用棉籽壳中的除草活性物质，分别以无水乙醇、正丁醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯为溶剂，采用索氏提取法对棉籽壳中的活性物质进行了提取，并对各溶剂粗提物进行了除草活性测定。结果发现:用无水乙醇提取的粗提物对稗草生长的抑制活性最高，经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析，发现该粗提物中主要含有甘油、三环己基3-烯-6-辛酮、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚、(邻甲基苯酚)-2-溴-2氯-乙酰酯、十四酸、十四酸乙酯、十六烷酸、辛酸异戊酯和亚油酸9种化合物。进一步的除草活性测定结果表明，亚油酸、辛酸异戊酯、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚和(邻甲基苯酚)-2-溴-2氯-乙酰酯4种化合物对稗草表现出一定的除草活性，其中亚油酸活性最强，其IC₅₀值为14.5 mg/L。

Extraction and identification of herbicidal active substances in cottonseed hulls

In order to investigate the potential application of the herbicidal active substances in the cottonseed hull, the herbicidal active substances of the cotton husk was extracted by Soxhlet extraction using anhydrous ethanol, n-butanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate were selected. The activities of the crude extracts were determined. It was found that anhydrous ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of the active ingredients from cottonseed hull which could inhibit Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.. Based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrography(GC-MS)analysis, 9 main compounds in the ethanol extract of cottonseed hull were detected, including glycerol, tricyclohexyl 3-ene-6-octanone, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, (o-methylphenol) 2-bromo-2-chloroacetyl ester, myristic acid, ethyl myristate, palmitic acid, isoamyl octanoate and linoleic acid. Further herbicidal activity assays showed that linolenic acid, isoamyl octanoate, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, and myristic acid were the main components in cottonseed hull extract with certain herbicidal activities. Linoleic acid has the highest inhibitory effect against E. crusgalli, with the IC₅₀ value for the inhibition of the growth of E. crusgalli was 14.5 mg/L.