含单萜酚结构酰胺类杂合分子的设计与合成及抑菌活性

为寻找具有良好抑菌活性的酰胺类化合物，本研究将天然单萜酚类化合物香芹酚和百里香酚与琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)药效团拼合，设计并合成了30个酰胺类杂合分子，其结构经核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)及高分辨质谱(HRMS)等确认。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了目标化合物对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明，目标化合物对茄链格孢菌Alternaria solani和灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的抑菌活性较好，其中 7e (N-(4-羟基-5-异丙基-2-甲基苯)-3-甲基噻吩-2-酰胺)的活性最高，对茄链格孢菌和灰葡萄孢的EC₅₀值分别为3.28和15.06 μg/mL，且 7e 与啶酰菌胺之间没有交互抗性。琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性测定表明， 7e 对灰葡萄孢敏感、抗性和B-P225F突变菌株的SDH均具有较强的抑制活性。分子对接研究表明， 7e 与野生型和突变型灰葡萄孢琥珀酸脱氢酶(BcSDH)之间具有较强的亲和力；推测 7e 是潜在的新型SDHI，其与啶酰菌胺之间对菌株SDH抑制活性的差异和与野生型和突变型BcSDH之间结合模式的差异，可能是二者之间没有交互抗性的原因。

Design,synthesis and antifungal activity of amide hybrid molecules containing the structure of phenolic monoterpene

Aiming to discover the amides with high antifungal activity, thirty amide hybrid molecules were designed and synthesized by combining natural phenolic monoterpene (carvacrol and thymol) with the functional groups of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI). The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by the 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The antifungal activity of the hybrid molecules against five plant pathogenic fungus were determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the synthesized hybrid molecules exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. Among of them, the compound 7e (N-(4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl)-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide) showed the highest antifungal activity, with EC₅₀ values of 3.28 and 15.06 μg/mL against A. solani and B.cinerea, respectively. In addition, there was no cross-resistance between compound 7e and boscalid. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity assay showed that the compound 7e had strong SDH inhibitory activity against sensitive, resistant and B-P225F mutant strains of B. cinerea. Molecular docking studies showed that compound 7e had a strong affinity with both wild-type and mutant B. cinerea succinate dehydrogenase (BcSDH). Therefore, it was speculated that compound 7e was a potential novel SDHI. The difference in SDH inhibitory activity and binding modes with wild-type and mutant BcSDH, which may account for the lack of cross-resistance between the compound 7e and boscalid.