烟嘧磺隆的微生物降解研究进展

烟嘧磺隆属磺酰脲类除草剂，因其对玉米安全，对一年生和多年生禾本科杂草及部分阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草高效而在玉米田广泛应用，但其在土壤中的残留则易对后茬敏感作物产生药害。微生物对烟嘧磺隆的降解有望成为修复污染土壤的有效措施。文章从烟嘧磺隆的使用及危害，可降解烟嘧磺隆的微生物种类及降解特性、降解途径、降解酶及其编码基因等方面进行了综述。目前有关烟嘧磺隆微生物降解的研究多集中于其降解菌的筛选、降解特性及降解途径等方面，对于其微生物降解过程中起关键作用的酶和基因方面的研究仍较少，因此未来的研究趋势将主要体现在降解复合菌系的培养、降解微生物的环境生态学、降解基因以及降解酶制剂等方面。

Research progress on microbial degradation of nicosulfuron

Nicosulfuron is a herbicide of sulfonylurea group, which has been widely used in corn fields due to its high herbicidal activity for control of annual and perennial grasses, certain broadleaved and cyperaceous weeds. However, residues of nicosulfuron in soil can cause phytotoxicity to sensitive succeeding crops. Degradation of nicosulfuron by microorganisms would be an effective method for bioremediation of polluted soil. The usage and hazard of nicosulfuron, microorganism species that can degrade nicosulfuron as well as the degradation characteristics, degradation pathways, degradation enzyme and its encoding gene were reviewed. So far most of the researches have been focused on screening of the nicosulfuron-degrading microorganisms, degradation characteristics, degradation pathways, etc.. Study on the degradation enzyme and its encoding gene in nicosulfuron-degrading microorganisms were limited. It was suggested that the development trends of research would be mainly the cultivation of composite microbial system, environmental ecology of degrading microorganisms, degrading gene and formulation of degradation enzymes.