干旱气候变化对甘肃省干旱灾害的影响及防旱减灾技术的研究

西北地区干旱气候变化的主要特征,表现在20世纪90年代夏季降水量有明显减少趋势,干旱化趋势主要发生在西北地区东部,干旱连年发生,尤其是甘肃省河东地区.干旱气候的产生带来了严重的干旱灾害,甘肃省90年代的干旱发生最为频繁,干旱灾情最为严重,1995年是干旱最严重的一年,成灾率达45%,其次是2000年,成灾率为35%,伏秋旱连春末初夏旱是造成夏粮严重减产的旱灾类型.干旱气候变化引发干旱化趋势非常明显,应采取综合的技术措施减轻干旱危害,要加强干旱气候与干旱灾害的监测预测和改善生态环境、优化农业结构、提高水资源利用率以及大力开发空中水资源等防御对策.

Study on influence of arid climate change to drought disaster in Gansu and technique of preventing drought and reducing disaster

Based on the precipitation data,the main characteristic of arid climate change in northwest region was analyzed.The results showed that the precipitation obviously decreased in summer in 1990s and drought trend mainly took place in the east in northwest region,aridity has occured in successive years,especially in Hedong region in Gansu province.Arid climate brought serious disaster.It was in 1990s in Gansu that the drought was very frequent and serious,in which 1995 was the most serious year and 2000 was the second,the disaster rate were 45% and 35% respectively.The main type of drought disaster that resulted in reduction of yields of summer grain crops was the arid which happened in late spring and early summer and successively in summer and autumn.Aridity trend which caused by climatic change becomes more and more distinct.So,in order to reduce drought disaster,we should take general measures,particularly should strengthen the study on monitoring,forecasting and countermeasure of arid climate and disaster such as improve the ecological environment,optimize the agriculture industry structure,raise the water utilization efficiency and develop air water resources etc.