小麦胚芽鞘与耐深播抗旱研究进展

根据作者多年试验观察,综述澳美欧亚非30多个国家相关研究可知,胚芽鞘长、细、硬、快的小麦品种耐深播、抗旱、立苗好.小麦的“地中茎”由上胚轴组织派生且位于胚芽鞘基之上.小麦无中胚轴、无“根茎”.实证双胚苗的第二胚芽鞘自然开裂,并图释深播地中“拨节”现象值得研究者关注.小麦品种间胚芽鞘遗传长度变幅在1.5～ 18.0 cm,胚芽鞘长度的生理变异及环境变异小于品种间变异.多数接秆基因都缩短鞘长,但鞘长基因加性遗传,有育成矮秆长鞘、出苗力强、苗期抗旱、长势壮的新品种的报道.长胚芽辅品种的胚较大,这涉及到小麦脂肪优质育种的问题.建议:(1)尽快摸清中国的小麦长鞘品种资源,协商制定中国小麦胚芽鞘长与鞘色的描述标准；(2)加大常规育种中F2代的播量并加大播深,以便早代汰除出苗力差的个体；(3)强制描述小麦品种的鞘长,鞘色及批售种子的鞘长.

Wheat coleoptile and emergence vigor and drought-resistance

Sixty-nine research papers show that, wheat varieties with longer, thinner, stiffer and faster coleoptile, always give better seedling emergence vigor. Based on years'' investigations, from the viewpoints of morphogenesis and cell behavior, the coleoptile internode of wheat is located above the coleoptile, not below the eoleoptile. Both the coleop-tile and the coleoptile interode are produced by the hypocotyl. While the rhizome of corn is below its coleoptile, it is produced by the mesocotyl. Pictures show that the second eoleoptile of the shoot is naturally split, and several leaf intern-odes can occur in deep-sown conditions, and vemalization researchers should attach important to this phenomenon. The genetic length, physiological length and the environmental length of wheat coleoptile are summarized. Breeding wheat for fat quality is mentioned. Three suggestions are proposed for Chinese wheat workers.