膜下滴灌条件下不同水分处理对棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响

为探索新疆膜下滴灌棉田方便快捷的高效灌水模式,分别于2007年和2009年在乌鲁木齐采用大田小区试验,通过自制蒸发皿水面蒸发量控制灌水,研究了膜下滴灌条件下棉花生长和籽棉产量以及水分利用效率对不同水分处理的响应;两个生长季的试验结果表明,与全生育期充分灌水处理相比,蕾期和花铃期持续亏水处理均对棉花生长、产量和耗水过程产生不同程度的负面影响,但适时适度的水分亏缺对棉花籽棉产量的影响不明显,而且可节约22.78%~24.88%的灌水量,灌溉水利用效率提高了27.94%~34.85%。蕾期轻度亏水(灌水定额为70%水面蒸发量)、花铃后期重度亏水(灌水定额为50%水面蒸发量)、花铃前期充分供水(灌水定额为100%水面蒸发量)的调亏灌溉模式是一种方便快捷的优质高效灌溉模式,可作为膜下滴灌条件下新疆棉花生产的一种适宜灌水模式。

Effects of different water treatments on yield and water use efficiency of cotton with drip irrigation under film mulch

In order to explore convenient and efficient irrigation pattern of cotton with drip irrigation under the condition of film mulch,field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water treatments on the growth and seed cotton yield of cotton in Xinjiang in 2007 and 2009.The results of tests in two growth seasons showed that negative effects of continuous water deficit treatment on seed cotton yield and water consumption process was found at the bud and boll stages compared to the sufficient irrigation treatment during the whole growth period of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch;but the seed cotton yield and water use efficiency were improved respectively by-1.20%～1.69% and 27.94%～34.85% under timely and moderate water deficit treatment,and 22.78%～24.88% of irrigation water was saved.It suggests that the irrigation approach of Regulated Deficit Irrigation(moderate water deficit during bud emergence(70% water surface evaporation was irrigated),severe water deficit during boll stage(50% water surface evaporation was irrigated),and sufficient water supply during flowering stage(100% water surface evaporation was irrigated)) is suitable and practical on cotton with drip irrigation under film mulch in Xinjiang.