灌溉方式对梨园土壤水分及产量品质的影响

采用沟灌、畦灌、滴灌、微喷灌和不灌水(CK)5种灌溉方式,通过对比试验研究不同灌溉方式对梨园土壤水分含量、叶片光合参数及果实产量与品质的影响,筛选适宜的节水抗旱灌溉技术。结果表明:(1)果树根层(0～60 cm)土壤含水量表现为微喷灌>滴灌>畦灌>沟灌>CK,微喷灌的蓄水能力显著高于其它灌溉方式;(2)叶片净光合速率表现为微喷灌≥滴灌≥畦灌>沟灌>CK,微喷灌处理的梨树叶片光合作用能力最强,其次是滴灌;(3)增产效果最好的是微喷灌,其次是滴灌,单株产量分别比CK提高了54.98%和44.18%;(4)在果实品质方面,微喷灌和滴灌显著提高了果实的单果质量、可溶性固形物含量及可溶性总糖含量,并且显著降低了果实硬度、含酸量及石细胞含量,两者对果实品质的改善效果明显好于沟灌和畦灌。综合分析表明,微喷灌能够明显改善梨园土壤水分条件和梨树光合能力,显著提高果实产量与品质,是较为理想的节水灌溉技术。

Effects of irrigation methods on soil moisture and fruit production of the pear orchard

Furrow irrigation,ridge irrigation,drip irrigation,micro-sprinkler irrigation and non-irrigation(CK) were performed to investigate the influences of different irrigation methods on soil moisture,photosynthesis,yield and fruit quality in pear orchard,to selecte the appropriate water-saving irrigation technology.The results showed that:(1) Micro-sprinkler irrigation led the highest soil moisture content in 0~60 cm soil layers,followed by drip irrigation,ridge irrigation,furrow irrigation and CK,micro-sprinkler irrigation’s water storage capacity was significantly higher than other irrigation methods;(2) The order of net photosynthetic rate performance was micro-sprinkler irrigation≥drip irrigation≥ridge irrigation>furrow irrigation>CK,which showed that micro-sprinkler irrigation treatment of pear leaf photosynthetic capacity was the strongest,followed by drip irrigation;(3) The yield of micro-irrigation was the best,followed by drip irrigation,compared with controls,yield per plant rised by 54.98% and 44.18%;(4) Besides,micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation could also raise the fruit quality,such as bigger fruit size,higher content of soluble solids and total soluble sugars,lower fruit firmness,lower content of acid and stone cell.It is concluded that,micro-sprinkler irrigation can improve the soil moisture condition and increase the ability of photosynthesis and result in higher yield and fruit quality more significantly than others,which is an ideal water-saving irrigation technology.