减氮施肥及氮肥添加脲酶抑制剂对凉州灌区春玉米产量和氮肥利用的影响

以玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,于2018―2019年在甘肃省武威市黄羊镇黄羊村,研究了不施氮肥(CK)、农户施肥、减氮施肥、农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)和减氮施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)5种方式下玉米产量、产量构成因素、氮肥利用效率、0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量的差异。结果表明,与农户施肥相比,减氮施肥在氮肥施用量减少20%的基础上,春玉米产量没有显著降低,氮肥利用率显著提高了24.6%,且收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了25.7%;农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)处理产量显著提高了15.5%,氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率、氮素收获指数分别显著提高了120.3%、33.54%、9.06%,且收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了26.7%;减氮施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)处理春玉米产量没有降低,收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了46.0%,但氮肥利用率较减氮施肥显著降低了12.9%。研究结果表明在凉州灌区减氮施肥和农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)能够在保证春玉米产量的同时,促进春玉米对氮肥的吸收,降低春玉米收获后土层硝态氮残留,其中农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)更能够显著提高春玉米产量,具有推广价值。

Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization and urease inhibitor on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize in irrigation areas of Liangzhou

Taking maize variety Xianyu 335 as experimental material, the yield, yield components, nitrogen (N) use efficiency of maize and nitrate N in 0~100 cm soil layers at the harvest were studied under the treatments of control, conventional fertilization, reduced N fertilization, conventional fertilization added urease inhibitor, reduced N fertilization with added urease inhibitor in 2018 and 2019 in Huangyang Village, Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, there were no difference for yield, but the N use efficiency significantly increased by 24.6%, the residues of nitrate N in 0~100 cm noticeably decreased by 25.7% at the harvest for the treatment of reduced N fertilization. The yield significantly increased by 15.5%, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, recovery efficiency of N fertilizer, N harvest index significantly increased by 120.3%, 33.54%, and 9.06%, respectively, the residues of nitrate N in 0~100 cm noticeably decreased by 26.7% at the harvest for the treatment of conventional fertilization with added urease inhibitor. The yield didn''t reduce and the residues of nitrate N in 0~100 cm noticeably decreased by 46.0% at the harvest, but the recovery efficiency of N fertilizer significantly decreased by 12.9% compared with reduce N fertilization treatment for the treatment of reduce N fertilization and added urease inhibitor. So, the treatment of reduced N fertilization and conventional fertilization with added urease inhibitor guaranteed the yield of spring maize, promoted N absorption, decreased the residues of nitrate N at the harvest. The conventional fertilization with added urease inhibitor treatment significantly increased the yield, and was a better application on maize corn in the irrigation areas of Liangzhou.